水氮耦合对芸豆生理及产量的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on physiology and yield of kidney beans

以芸豆品种英国红为材料,在盆栽试验条件下,设置2种灌溉量(W1:常规灌溉,W2:控制灌溉)和5种不同施氮量(N0:0 kg/hm^2,N1:25 kg/hm^2,N2:30 kg/hm^2,N3:35 kg/hm^2,N4:40 kg/hm^2),研究了不同水氮管理模式对芸豆生理及产量的影响,旨在为芸豆高产优质栽培提供理论依据。研究结果表明,在常规灌溉条件下,随着施氮量的增加,芸豆叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、硝酸还原酶活性呈先增加后降低的趋势,产量也呈先增加后降低的趋势,在处理W1N3最大。在控制灌溉条件下,随着施氮量的增加,芸豆叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、硝酸还原酶活性均在处理W2N4最大,产量在处理W2N4达到最大值,与对照相比,增加了72.54%。在该试验条件下,适宜的水氮组合有利于作物生长发育及产量的形成,达到了水肥的高效利用,但施氮过量也有可能导致增产幅度下降,试验认为W1N3(80%田间持水量、施氮35 kg/hm^2)为最优水氮组合。

Two irrigation methods(W1:conventional irrigation,W2:controlled irrigation)and five different nitrogen applications(N0:0 kg/hm^2,N1:25 kg/hm^2,N2:30 kg/hm^2,N3:35 kg/hm^2,N4:40 kg/hm^2)were set up through potting experiment with kidney bean variety'British red',to study the effects of different water and nitrogen management patterns on physiological and yield for kidney beans,aimed at providing theory basis for high yield and good quality cultivation of kidney beans.The results showed that chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll concentration and nitrate reductase activity of kidney bean leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application under the conventional irrigation conditions,and the yield of kidney beans also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,which were the largest in W1N3.Under the condition of controlled irrigation,with the increase of nitrogen application,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll concentration and nitrate reductase activity in kidney bean leaves all reached the maximum in W2N4,and the yield reached the maximum in W2N4,which increased by 72.54%compared with the control group.Under the conditions of this experiment,the appropriate combination of water and nitrogen is conducive to the growth and production of crops,achieving the efficient utilization of water and fertilizer.However,excessive nitrogen application may also lead to the decrease of increasing yield.The experiment concluded that W1N3(80%field water capacity and nitrogen application of 35 kg/hm^2)is the optimal combination of water and nitrogen.