拒签和约之后:和平解决山东悬案的国际法预案

China and World Order Around World War Ⅰ: An Analysis of the International Legal Solution of the Shandong Question by the Peace Treaty Research Institute

一般认为,1919年中国代表团在巴黎和会上拒绝签署对德和约使得山东问题成为山东悬案,该问题直到1921年华盛顿会议召开期间中日在英美的调停下签署《中日解决山东悬案条约及附约》才得以解决。事实上,在巴黎和会结束到华盛顿会议召开前,北洋政府的相关举措对于顺利解决山东问题起到了关键作用。北洋政府于外交部下特别成立和约研究会,深入分析了中日之间就山东问题的条约争议,研讨了和平解决国际争端的3种国际法预案,即提交国际联盟讨论、提请海牙法庭仲裁和选择第三国调停。这些预案既符合国际国内的实际形势,又遵从国际法与国际组织的发展趋势,使得山东问题向可控的、有利于中国的方向发展,是观察一战前后中国参与国际法秩序建构的不容忽视的内部视角。

It was generally believed that the refusal of the Chinese delegates to sign to the Versailles Treaty at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 made the Shandong Question unsettled until the Washington Conference in 1921.In fact,after the Paris Peace Conference and before the Washington Conference,the relevant measures of the Beiyang Government played a key role in solving the Shandong Question successfully.The Beiyang Government immediately established the peace treaty research institute,which focused on discussing the best solution of the Shandong Question peacefully without negotiating directly with Japan.The relevant international plans broke through the limitation that China might be restrained in bilateral diplomacy due to the disparity of powers between China and Japan.The relevant international plans also conformed to the latest trend of the development of international law and international organizations.It provided an excellent legal analysis perspective for studying China's participation in the construction of the new world order around World War Ⅰ.