制衡与对抗:美国法律域外适用的中国应对

Balance and Countermeasure:Chinese Response to the U.S.Extraterritoriality

近年来,全球要素分工与国际法遭遇国际政治挑战并存的背景下,一国公法的法律域外适用具备一定正当性和合理性。美国对中国公民、组织和机构进行法律域外适用的情形屡见不鲜,呈现与政治的高度相关性,尤其是出口管制、反海外腐败领域成为美国对华法律域外适用的重点。中国应深刻把握法律域外适用的当代意涵,秉承建设与防御齐头并进的思路,构筑中国法律域外适用法律体系的同时,灵活运用中美国内和国际三重限制措施,即:充分利用美国国内分权制衡体制和国际关系原则的司法适用空间;审慎推进建立中国对抗措施体系;在国际上倡导建立多边法律域外适用协调机制。

In view of global factor division and challenge to international law from international politics coexisting in recent years,extraterritoriality of public laws acquires partly justification and reasonability.The U.S.extraterritoriality to Chinese citizens,entities and organizations has frequently emerged,presenting high correlation with politics,especially in the fields of export control and foreign corrupt.Nowadays,China should deeply grasp the contemporary implications of extraterritoriality,follow the thought of parallel execution of construction and defense,construct Chinese extraterritoriality legal system,and flexibly apply triple restriction from the U.S.,China and international society:make full use of the U.S.separation of three powers and balance mechanism,principle of comity and anti-comity;promote extraterritoriality and countermeasures legal systems;establish and advocate multilateral extraterritoriality coordinating institutions according to national and international conditions.