老年高级知识分子患者慢性病与认知功能关系的研究

Relationship between chronic diseases and cognitive function in elderly patients of high intellectuals

【目的】探讨老年高级知识分子患者慢性病与认知功能的相关关系,为预防和延缓老年患者认知功能的衰退提供科学依据。【方法】对入住复旦大学中山医院的65岁以上离退休老年高知患者100例进行一般情况的问卷调查,采用MoCA量表评估认知功能,并收集和记录高血压、冠心病、糖尿病等慢性疾的罹患情况,比较不同认知功能组患者慢性疾病患病率的差异。【结果】100例高知患者中认知功能正常组34例,轻度认知功能障碍组50例,中度认知功能障碍组16例。中度认知功能障碍组中高血压病(93.8%)、冠心病(75.0%)、脑卒中(56.3%)、糖尿病(56.3%)等疾病患病率较高;认知功能正常组相应疾病患病率较低,分别为61.8%,41.2%,17.6%,20.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而不同认知功能组别间慢性呼吸疾病和肿瘤性疾病的患病率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。患心脑血管及代谢疾病是轻度和中度认知功能障碍的重要危险因素(P=0.002)。【结论】加强心脑血管及代谢疾病的防治,有益于延缓认知功能障碍的发生发展。

[Objective]To determine the relationship between chronic diseases and cognitive function in elderly patients,for the purpose of preventing and alleviating cognitive malfunction.[Methods]A total of 100 retired high intellectuals with age older than 65 years were enrolled.They were hospitalized in Zhongshan Hospital and were requested to complete a conventional questionnaire.Cognitive function was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)Scale.Their chronic diseases including hypertension,coronary artery disease,diabetes mellitus were recorded and compared among subjects with different cognitive function levels.[Results]Based on MoCA Scale,34 cases were sorted as having normal cognitive function,50 cases as mild cognitive impairment,and 16 cases as moderate cognitive impairment.Patients with moderate cognitive impairment showed a significantly higher percentage of hypertension(93.8%),coronary artery disease(75.0%),stroke(56.3%),diabetes mellitus(56.3%)while the patients with normal cognitive function exhibited relatively lower percentage of the above-mentioned diseases(61.8%,41.2%,17.6%,20.6%,respectively,P<0.05).However such difference was not observed for respiratory disease and neoplastic disease among patients with different cognitive conditions(P>0.05).In addition,cardiovascular and metabolic diseases were found to be important risk factors of mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment(P=0.002).[Conclusion]Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases could be imperative to alleviate the process of cognitive impairment.