2017-2018年西藏山南市乃东区小学生伤害现况调查

Analysis on Injuries Among Primary School Students in Shannan City of Tibet in 2018

目的了解2017-2018年西藏山南市乃东区小学生伤害发生情况,为制定适合本地区的小学生伤害防控策略提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法对山南市乃东区4所小学3~5年级学生进行伤害发生情况的问卷调查。问卷用EpiData 3.0进行双录入,用SPSS 22.0对数据进行χ^2检验。结果共计调查小学生1 693名,伤害发生率为18.3%,伤害发生人次率为19.3%,男生伤害人次发生率22.4%,女生伤害人次发生率15.8%,男生伤害发生率高于女生(χ^2=7.945,P<0.05)、低年级学生伤害发生率高于高年级学生(χ^2=13.006,P<0.05)、男生暴力打架发生率高于女生(χ^2=8.927,P<0.05)、住校生烧烫伤(χ^2=6.298,P<0.05)和动物咬伤(χ^2=4.061,P<0.05)发生率高于走读生、低年级学生动物咬伤发生率高于高年级学生(χ^2=29.543,P<0.05);最主要的伤害类型为跌倒/坠落、动物咬伤;伤害发生时的活动主要为玩耍娱乐50.5%;96.8%的伤害属于非故意伤害;伤害性质(最严重)主要是挫伤/擦伤(39.5%),器伤/咬伤/开放伤(33.6%);44.3%的伤害发生在家里;94.8%的受伤害者过去一年里伤害发生次数为1次;伤害发生后根据伤害程度轻重进行不同的处理,2.9%的受伤害者由于离医疗机构远或家庭经济困难等原因未进行处理。结论应重点对男学生、低年级学生和住校生重点开展跌倒/坠落、动物咬伤和烧烫伤为主的伤害防治工作。

Objective To understand the prevalence of injury among students in Naidong district of Shannan,in order to provide basis for formulating local injury prevention and control strategies for pupils. Method By using the cluster sampling method,the study selected students of grade three to five from four schools to conduct a questionnaire survey on the incidence of injuries and related behaviors in the past 12 months. Result A total of 1 693 primary school students were surveyed,the injury rate was 18.3% and personal injury rate was 19.3%. The injuries were more common in boys(22.4%) than in girls(15.8%),the difference was statistically significant (χ^2=7.945,P<0.05).The injuries happened more in students of lower grade than higher grade students (χ^2=13.006,P<0.05). The incidence of violent fights among boys was higher than that of girls (χ^2=8.927,P<0.05), the incidence of burns and scalds and animal bites among resident students was higher than that of non-resident student (χ^2=6.298,P<0.05;χ^2=4.061,P<0.05),and the incidence of animal bites in students of lower grade was higher than that in higher grade (χ^2=29.543, P<0.05). The main types of injuries were falls and animal bites, the main activities when injury occurs were play and entertainment(50%), and 96.8% of injuries was unintentional. The most serious injury was contusion/abrasion(39.5%), then the wound/bite/open injury(33.6%). For the place of occurrence, 44.3% of injury happened in home, and 94.8% of the respondents suffered injuries once in the past year. When injured,different treatments were carried out according to the degree of injury, 2.9% of the injured were not treated because they were far away from medical institutions or because of poor family financial condition. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of falls,animal bites and burns should be focused on male students,junior students and residential students.