长兴岛附近海域利用动态变化及开发环境压力评价

Dynamic change of utilization and environmental pressure assessment of development in the sea area near Changxing island

本文以长兴岛附近海域为研究区,以2005年和2015年两期高分辨率遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS技术手段,提取及分析了长兴岛及其附近海域围填海分布、面积及利用类型信息,计算了海域利用类型动态度、海域利用转移矩阵、海域利用结构信息熵及海域开发资源环境压力指数,分析了长兴岛附近海域2005—2015年海域开发利用的动态变化,从而对该海域开发资源环境压力强度进行评价。结果表明:(1)2005—2015年长兴岛附近海域港口用海扩张速度最快,动态度高达11.09%,未利用扩张速度次之,而盐业用海面积呈现负增长状态,动态度为-0.16%;(2)10年间围填海类型主要转变方向为海域转为围海养殖、港口和未利用类型;(3)研究期间信息熵由2005年的0.96增加到2015年的1.40,海域利用结构均衡度加强,海域利用结构趋于多样化、均衡化;(4)2005年和2015年长兴岛资源开发环境压力处于中等强度及以上的海域所占比例分别为56.14%和62.97%;海域开发资源环境压力指数变化量大于零值的面积高达80.7%,海域资源开发环境压力强度在逐渐增强。

This study to Changxing island sea area as the research area, and the high resolution remote sensing images of 2005 and 2015 are used as data sources, and the information of reclamation distribution, area and utilization type in Changxing island and its adjacent sea area is extracted and analyzed by means of GIS technology. The dynamic degree of utilization type of sea area, utilization transfer matrix of sea area, utilization structure information entropy of sea area and sea area development resource environmental pressure index are calculated. The comprehensive index of development and utilization intensity is used to analyze the dynamic changes of the development and utilization of the sea area near Changxing island from 2005 to 2015, so as to evaluate its development resource environment pressure intensity. The results show that:(1) in 2005-2015, the sea expansion rate of harbors near Changxing island was the fastest, with the dynamic attitude as high as11.09%, followed by the unutilized expansion rate, while the sea area for salt industry showed a negative growth with a dynamic degree of-0.16%;(2) In the past 10 years, the main types of reclamation changed from sea area to reclamation, harbor and unused type;(3) During the study period, the information entropy increased from 0.96 in 2005 to 1.40 in 2015. The balance degree of sea area utilization structure was strengthened, and the structure of sea area utilization tended to be diversified and balanced;(4) In 2005 and 2015, 56.14% and 62.97% of the sea areas with moderate or higher environmental pressures on resources development in Changxing island, 80.7% of the area with the change of the environmental pressure index greater than zero, and the intensity of the environmental pressure is gradually increasing.