对外贸易对中国城乡收入差距的空间溢出效应研究

Study on spatial spillover effects of foreign trade on urban-rural income gap in China

随着对外贸易开放力度的进一步扩大,中国城乡二元结构体制下的城乡收入分配不均衡的问题愈加显著,因此研究对外贸易与中国城乡收入差距的关系显得颇为必要。选用2000—2018年的中国省级面板数据,采用空间计量方法,构建空间滞后模型,检验对外贸易发展与中国城乡收入差距的关系。结果显示:中国各省的城乡收入差距在空间上是相关的,而各省内部的城乡收入差距的变化受其周边省份的城乡收入差距的影响;对外贸易的发展推动了中国城镇与农村收入差距的扩大。因此,提出以下建议:加强区域间合作,促进城乡协调发展;加强乡村振兴战略实施力度,推动农村农业发展;丰富农村地区教育资源,优化农村劳动力水平;加强城市化发展质量,推进新型城镇化。

With further expansion of the opening-up of foreign trade,the imbalance of income distribution between urban and rural areas under the urban-rural dual structure system becomes more and more obvious.Therefore,it is quite necessary to study the relationship between foreign trade and China’s urban-rural income gap.Based on the panel data of Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2018,this paper adopts the spatial measurement method to build a spatial lag model,and tests the relationship between the development of foreign trade and China’s urban-rural income gap.The results show that the urban-rural income gap among provinces in China is spatially related,and the variation of the urban-rural income gap in a province is influenced by the urban-rural income gap in its surrounding provinces.The development of foreign trade widens income gap among China’s urban and rural areas.Therefore,this paper puts forward to strengthen regional cooperation and promote coordinated development among urban and rural areas,to strengthen the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and promote rural agricultural development,to enrich educational resources in rural areas and optimize the level of rural labor force,and to improve the quality of urbanization and promote a new type of urbanization.