观赏海棠花期物候稳定性及其对温度变化的响应

Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature change

【目的】研究多品种海棠初花期物候特征,探究花期与温度的内在联系,并在品种水平上揭示花期稳定性差异及变化规律。【方法】使用67个海棠品种的4年初花期物候数据对多品种海棠初花期稳定性进行分析,并使用多年的气象数据对多品种海棠初花期群组物候标准偏差(σ)的计算结果进行研究。【结果】2014—2016年多品种海棠初花期日期顺序与2013年的初花期均有较高的相关性。晚花期品种的σ值大于早、中花期σ值。早花期品种群与中花期品种群的σ值和开花前一年10月1日至12月1日期间小于6℃的天数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而晚花期品种群σ值与开花前一年10月1日至开花当年2月1日期间小于4℃(P<0.05)及开花前一年10月1日至开花当年3月1日期间小于4℃(P<0.05)的天数呈显著负相关。【结论】低温对于海棠初花期稳定性有着重要影响:一方面,早、中花期品种相对于晚花期品种而言对低温需求更大,且休眠时间限制更加严格;另一方面,晚花期品种间初花期顺序的稳定性更低。

【Objective】We study the phenological characteristics of the early-flowering stage of several varieties of ornamental crabapple, to explore the internal relationship between the flowering stage and temperature, and to reveal the differences and changes in flowering stability at a variety level. 【Method】Four-year phenological data from 67 varieties of ornamental crabapple were analyzed to determine the stability of multiple ornamental crabapple varieties, and the results of standard deviation of phenology (σ) of multiple varieties of ornamental crabapple were studied using temperature data over many years. 【Result】From 2014 to 2016, there was a strong correlation of the date sequence of early flowering with that of 2013.Theσvalue of late-flowering varieties was higher than that of early-and mid-flowering varieties.There was a significant negative correlation(P<0.05) between theσvalue of the early florescence and middle florescence;this correlation was also noted between theσvalue of the late florescence and days with temperature below 6 ℃ from October 1 st to December 1 st in the year before florescence, between theσvalue of the late florescence and days with a temperature below 4 ℃ (P<0.05) from October 1 st to February 1 st in the year before florescence, and between October 1 st to March1 st in the year before florescence. 【Conclusion】 A low temperature has an important effect on the stability of ornamental crabapple at the early-flowering stage.The varieties in the early-and mid-flowering stage required a lower temperature than that required at the late-flowering stage, and the time limit for breaking dormancy was more strict.In contrast, the stability of the early-flowering sequence among the late-flowering varieties was lower.