杭州地区19个樱花品种无性系苗期生长适应性与生长节律研究

Growth Adaptability and Rhythm of 19 Cerasus Clonal Cultivars at Seedling Stage in Hangzhou

为了探究19种樱花无性系在杭州地区的生长发育状况,以2 a生苗为试验对象,通过记录物候期,测量株高、地径,分析其生长节律和生物量增长规律,观测其病虫害和日灼现象,分析苗期生长适应性和生长节律。结果表明,在杭州地区的6月和9月,兰兰樱、太白樱、阳春樱表现出较强的抗病虫害能力,安徽野樱、吉野枝垂、绿樱和香味山樱4个品种的抗病虫害能力较差;以5个叶物候期为标准,进行主成分分析后发现,第一主成分Y1反映的是植物生长后期的物候特点,第二主成分Y2反映的是植物生长前期的物候特点。聚类将19个无性系分为4类,结合主成分得分,将4类分为晚发生物候型、早发生物候型、早结束物候型和晚结束物候型。高生长呈现“慢—快—慢”的生长趋势,一年有1个生长高峰期,出现在5—7月;径的年增长有2个增长高峰期,一个表现在5—6月,一个在10月。

In order to explore the growth status of 19 Cerasus clonal cultivars in Hangzhou,two-year-old seedlings were used as experimental subjects to observe the pests and sunburns,record the phenological period,measure the plant height and ground diameter,and analyze the growth rhythm,biomass growth law and growth adaptability.The results showed that among the 19 Cerasus clonal cultivars,3 cultivars of C.serrulata‘Ranran’,C.lannesiana‘Taihaku’and C.spachiana‘Yoshun’presented strong resistance to pests and diseases,while 4 cultivars of C.sp.,C.‘Yoshino-shidare’,C.incisa‘Yamadei’and C.sp.presented poor resistance to pests and diseases.Based on the 5 leaf phenological periods,the principal component analysis showed that the first principal component Y1 reflected the phenological characteristics of the late growth stage of the plant,and the second principal component Y2 reflected the phenological characteristics of the early growth period of the plant.Combined with principal component scores,the 19 clones were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis,namely late occurrence phenology,early occurrence phenology,early-ending phenology and late-ending phenology.The growth of plant height showed a slow-fast-slow trend,with a peak growth period in the year,which occurred in May—July.The annual growth of ground diameter had two growth peaks,one in May and June,the other in October.