新疆春小麦育成品种耐热性评价

Evaluation the Heat Tolerance of the Xinjiang Spring Wheat Cultivars

为筛选出耐热性好的小麦种质材料,通过开花期至成熟期人工模拟高温胁迫环境,以千粒重热感指数为主要评价指标,评价了新疆近30年来审定的春小麦品种的相对耐热性,并分析了高温胁迫对小麦籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量的影响。结果表明,与自然生长相比,高温胁迫条件下新疆春小麦育成品种的千粒重、籽粒宽度的变化均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),籽粒长度变化不显著(P>0.05),不同品种间耐热性存在很大差异。综合三年千粒重热感指数(HSI)分析,耐热性相对较好的品种有17个,连续三年HSI<1的品种有11个,其中新春37号、新春2号、新春38号在高温胁迫条下千粒重变化较小,产量较稳定,为强耐热品种;对高温敏感品种有26个,连续三年HSI≥1的品种有13个,其中新春13号、新春18号、新春33号耐热性相对较弱。高温胁迫影响小麦籽粒的品质,其中13.95%的品种蛋白质含量降低,6.98%的品种湿面筋含量降低,其他品种高温胁迫后籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量均较自然生长有所提高。

In order to select wheat varieties with good heat resistance,this study evaluated the heat tolerance of Xinjiang spring wheat cultivars based on simulated heat treatment under plastic film covered shelter from flowering to grain maturity.The effects of high temperature stress on the content of protein and wet gluten were analyzed.The results showed the change of grain weight and grain width reached a very significant level(P<0.01)under high temperature stress.The change of grain length was not significant(P>0.05).There were great differences in heat resistance among different wheat varieties.Heat susceptibility index(HSI)of 1000 grain weight was suggested as evaluation criteria for heat tolerance.There were 17 varieties with relatively strong heat resistance,of which 11 cultivars with HSI less than 1 in three consecutive years,such as Xinchun 37,Xinchun 2,Xinchun 38,etc.There were 26 varieties with relatively good heat resistance,of which 13 cultivars with HSI more than 1 in three consecutive years,such as Xinchun 13,Xinchun 18,Xinchun 33,etc.High temperature stress affected the wheat quality.13.95%and 6.98%of the varieties have reduced protein content and wet gluten content,respectively.Other varieties have higher protein content and wet gluten content than those under normal conditions.