高产优质兼顾的强筋小麦品种选育方法与实践

Methods and Practice in Synergistic Improvement of Yield and Quality in Strong Gluten Wheat Breeding

自20世纪80年代以来,我国培育了一系列优质强筋小麦新品种。在当前小麦较高产量水平下,如何培育品质和产量协同提高的强筋小麦新品种,是育种者面临的新挑战。笔者在前人研究的基础上,以“目标明确、背景清晰、优优组合”的亲本选配原则、“抓住抗冻抗倒主要矛盾、平衡其他次要矛盾、汰劣选优”的选择方法,成功育成了济麦44等一批高产优质兼顾的强筋小麦新品种(系)。本文详细论述了这些选育方法,以期为全国高产优质小麦育种提供参考。

Since the 1980s,a series of new wheat varieties with high quality and strong gluten have been bred in China.Under the current high yield level of wheat,it is a new challenge for breeders to cultivate new wheat with synergistic improvement of quality and yield.A batch of new strong gluten wheat varieties(lines),such as Jimai 44,with high yield and high quality were successfully bred using the principle of "clear goal,clear background and excellent combination",and the selection method of"grasping the main contradiction of frost resista nee and lodging resistance,balancing other minor contradictions and eliminating the inferior lines in the early generations and selecting the superior in the high generations".This paper discusses these breeding methods in order to provide a reference for the national high yield and high quality wheat breeding.