生长调节剂对黑小麦茎秆性状及其籽粒产量和品质的影响

Effect of Growth Regulator on Stem Characters,Grain Yieldand Quality of Black-Grained Wheat

为明确不同生长调节剂对黑小麦植株茎秆性状及其籽粒产量和品质的调控效应,以冬黑1号和临黑131为试验材料,在黑小麦起身期喷施不同生长调节剂(多效唑、甲哌胺鲜酯、矮壮素),研究其对黑小麦茎节间长、株高、倒伏级别、籽粒产量及构成因素和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,喷施生长调节剂均能不同程度降低黑小麦株高、基部第1和第2节间长度、穗下节长度,增加基部节间粗度。其中,多效唑可降低黑小麦株高1.1~4.5 cm,第1和第2茎节粗平均减少1.2 cm和2.3 cm,穗下节减少1.7 cm,茎粗度增加0.55~1.65 mm;甲哌胺鲜酯对黑小麦株高的影响不明显,茎粗度增加0.1~1.35 mm;矮壮素可降低黑小麦株高0.5~1.2 cm,第1和第2茎节间长减少2.1 cm和2.8 cm,穗下节变化不明显,茎粗度增加0.2~0.8 mm。喷施生长调节剂使倒伏级别降低0.30~1.22级,多效唑降低程度显著。喷施多效唑使黑小麦茎秆木质素和纤维素含量显著增加。多效唑处理下,冬黑1号和临黑131产量分别为6 648.0和6 076.5 kg·hm^-2,均高于其他处理;甲哌胺鲜酯对黑小麦产量的影响不显著;矮壮素使黑小麦减产。喷施生长调节剂提高产量是通过提高单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数实现的。喷施多效唑显著增加了2个黑小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量(3.7%~19.6%)。从茎秆指标和产量来看,在冬黑1号和临黑131拔节期喷施多效唑的效果较好。

In order to clarify the effect of different growth regulators on black-grained wheat plants and their yield and quality,Donghei 1 and Linhei 131 were used as materials by spraying different growth regulators(paclobutrazol,methylphenidate and chlormequat,with water as control) at booting stage to study their effects on stem traits,grain yield and quality.The results showed that spraying growth regulator could reduce the plant height and length of the first and second internodes,decrease the internode length below the spike,and increase the base internode thickness.Paclobutrazol reduced the plant height of black-grained wheat by 1.1-4.5 cm,the diameter of the first and second stem nodes by 1.2 cm and 2.3 cm on average,the internode length below the spike by 1.7 cm,but increased the diameter of the stem by 0.55-1.65 mm.Methylphenidatedid not significantly affect the plant height of black-grained wheat,but increased the diameter of the stem by 0.1-1.35 mm.Chlormequatdecreased the plant height of black-grained wheat by 0.5-1.2 cm,the length of the first and second internodes by 2.1 cm and 2.8 cm;there was no obvious change in the internode length below the spike,but the stem diameter was increased by 0.2-0.8 mm. Spraying growth regulators reduced the lodging level by 0.30-1.22 grade,among which paclobutrazol had a significant effect on the lodging level. The application of paclobutrazol significantly increased the lignin and cellulose content in the stem of black-grained wheat. Under the treatment of paclobutrazol,the yield of Donghei 1 and Linhei 131 was 6 648.0 and 6 076.5 kg·hm^-2,respectively,which was higher than that of other treatments.The effect of methylphenidate on the yield of black-grained wheat was not significant;the yield of black-grained wheat was reduced by spraying chlormequat. The increase of yield by spraying growth regulator is realized by increasing the number of effective ears and grains per unit area. Spraying paclobutrazol significantly increased the grain protein content(3.7%-19.6%) of the two black-grained varieties. In terms of stem index and yield,the effect of spraying paclobutrazol at the standing stage on Donghei 1 and Linhei 131 was better.