前交叉韧带损伤的临床特点分析

Clinical characteristics of anterior cruciate ligament injury

目的探讨前交叉韧带损伤的临床特点。方法收集2015年9月至2019年9月武汉大学人民医院收治的通过影像学等方式确诊的600例前交叉韧带损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,包括性别和年龄分布、伤后就诊时间、创伤类型、发病原因、体重指数、并发症,总结临床特点。结果 600例前交叉韧带损伤患者中男339例、女261例,平均年龄(35.2±3.6)岁。男性多为接触性损伤,女性多为非接触性损伤(均P <0.05)。对于非接触性损伤而言,男性和女性发生原因均多为骨关节炎和痛风性关节炎,平均年龄为(55.0±1.0)岁。男女患者均以超重者居多(均P <0.05)。接触性损伤患者并发症主要为胫腓骨骨折、半月板损伤和/或软骨损伤及髌上囊关节囊积液;非接触性损伤患者并发症主要为骨关节炎。结论接触性损伤多见于年轻男性运动患者,多伴有胫骨平台骨折;而非接触性损伤常见于女性患者,多继发于骨关节炎。并且体重指数与前交叉韧带损伤相关,体重指数越高,患前交叉韧带损伤的风险越大。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL injury.Methods From September 2015 to September 2019,the clinical data of 600 patients with ACL injury diagnosed by imaging and other methods in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected.The gender,age distribution,post-traumatic treatment time,trauma type,cause of disease,body mass index and complications were analyzed.Results Among the 600 patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury,339 were males and 261 were females,with an overall average age of(35.2±3.6)years.Most of the males were contact injury,and females were non-contact injury(all P<0.05).Regarding non-contact injury,osteoarthritis and gouty arthritis were the most common causes in both males and females with an average age of(55.0±1.0)years.The majority of male and female patients were overweight(all P<0.05).The main complications of the patients with contact injury were tibiofibular fracture,meniscus injury/cartilage injury and suprapatellar capsule effusion;the main complication of the patients with non-contact injury was osteoarthritis.Conclusions Contact injury is common in young male sports patients with tibial plateau fracture.However,non-contact injuries are common in female patients,mostly secondary to osteoarthritis.The higher the body mass index is,the greater the risk of acl injury shows.