垃圾分类政策试点扩散的逻辑分析——基于中国235个城市的实证研究

Logic Analysis of Garbage Classification Policy Diffusion:Empirical Research Based on 235 Cities in China

垃圾分类和资源化利用制度是国家制度的重要组成部分。为进一步推动垃圾分类政策的全面推广,讨论垃圾分类政策试点扩散的影响因素具有重要意义。中国垃圾分类政策已推行20年,本文选取235个地级市作为研究对象,综合需求驱动逻辑、压力应对逻辑和效率考量逻辑,提出政策扩散的理论假设。研究发现,人均GDP、人口密度、上级压力、社会压力、人力资本、制度建设会显著影响城市政府垃圾分类政策的采纳。同时,在政策扩散的不同阶段以及不同区域,不同逻辑变量不同程度地影响地方政府的政策采纳。但是,无论是出于需求驱动,还是压力应对,抑或是效率考量,垃圾分类政策的全面推广依靠政府推动、社会支持和全民参与。

The garbage classification and utilization system is an important part of the national system.In order to further promote the policy diffusion,it is of great significance to discuss the influencing factors.China’s garbage classification policy has been implemented for 20 years.In this paper,235 cities are selected as the research object.This paper combines demand-driven logic,pressure-response logic and efficiency-consideration logic,and proposes theoretical assumptions about policy diffusion.The study found that GDP,population density,superior pressure,social pressure,human capital,and system construction significantly affect the policy adoption.Meanwhile,in different stages of policy diffusion and in different regions,different variables affect the policy adoption to different degrees.However,whether it is driven by demand,pressure response,or efficiency considerations,the implementation of garbage classification policies depends on government promotion,social support,and participation of all people.