放血疗法与政体焦虑:体液理论中的《泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯》

一直以来,学界主要研究莎剧《泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯》中的复仇动机和社会效果,而忽视了剧中频繁使用的体液修辞。从古典医学的体液理论出发,罗马将军泰特斯女儿拉维妮亚遭哥特人皇后塔莫拉两儿子强暴意味着她纯净的血液被敌人的败血所玷污。考虑到人体与政体的对应和托勒密宇宙观、新柏拉图主义强调大小宇宙的类比,源于皇后家族的坏血污染泰特斯家族时,必定感染到整个罗马帝国,泰特斯必须向皇后家族复仇“放血”,从而让罗马恢复健康。剧中罗马患病暗含莎士比亚对英国道德现状的焦虑,罗马康复表达伊丽莎白国民克服社会问题以重振英格兰的理想。

Until now,the academic field mainly studies the revenge motivation and social effcts in Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus,ignoring the humor rhetoric appearing frequently.In light of contemporary humoral theory,Lavinia being raped by two sons of Tamora means her pure blood is polluted by the sepsis of her enemies.Considering the correspondence between human body and body politic and analogy between macrocosm and microcosm proposed by Ptolemy cosmology and by nco-Platonism,while the sepsis coming from the Tamoras pollutes the Titus,it must infect the whole Roman Empire,so Titus has to take revenge upon the Tamoras to release the sepsis,so that Roman Empire can get recovered.The diseased Rome implies Shakespeare s criticism of England society in terms of its moral situations,and Rome's rehabilitation expresses Elizabethans'confidence in overcoming social problems and regencrating England.