《爵士乐》中的非自然叙述者及其非自然叙述行为

Unnatural Narrator and Its Unnatural Narrating Act in Jazz

神秘、矛盾、变化多端的《爵士乐》叙述者已经困扰学界多年,以非自然叙事理论为框架,梳理和分析其叙述者既在又不在、全知又限知、可靠又不可靠的非自然特征及现在时、过去时随意转换和多版本叙事的非自然叙述行为,同时结合作品的伴随文本与正文本的关系,可以发现叙述者其实是跨层的隐含作者。通过种种非自然策略,莫里森以实例形式给读者上了一堂生动的小说创作理论课,内容包括叙述者及隐含作者声音之间的滑动及其不同效果,人物刻画中作家经验与人物自主性之间的关系,不同声音、聚焦和时态策略的不同修辞效果等。

The mysterious,paradoxical and changeable narrator in Jazz has troubled critics for years.With the help of unnatural narratology framework,this paper analyzes the being and not being,omniscient and limited,reliable and unreliable unnatural features of the narrator and its unnatural narrating actions,like free and random shift between past and present tenses and multiple narrating versions of the same event etc.And it proposes that the narrator is the implied author in metalepsis based on its unnaturalness and the information from the Forward.Designing those unnatural strategies,Morrison,with her specific creative practice,gives a very vivid lecture of fiction creative writing,discussing importing writing matters like the shift between the narrator's voice and that of the implied author's and the different effects thereof,the balance between the author's experience and the characters' autonomy,the different rhetorical effects of different choices in voice,vocalization and tenses.