“看”“看见”“看到”与“看完”的语义差异探究——认知构式语法视角

An Analysis of Semantic Differentiation of Construction of Verbs“KAN”,“KANJIAN”,“KANDAO”,and“KANWAN”in Chinese

本文尝试从内部时间结构、动词词义的模块属性表征理论与构式语法三种认知视角,辨析汉语视觉感知构式"看""看见""看到"与"看完"的语义差异。研究发现,内部时间结构与动词词义的模块属性表征理论的分析存在很多漏洞,本文结合语法化观点的构式语法理论,更能区别及解释"看""看见""看到"与"看完"的语义差异。这表明认知语言学内部各种理论之间的解释力有强弱之分。本文除了发现构式的象征性、图式性与组成成分的语法化程度是造成"看""看见""看到"与"看完"语义差异的关键因素外,还发现相对于"看见""看到"与"看完"的语义只局限于视觉感知域,"看"的语义却可借由范畴化及概念转喻还同时涵盖视觉感知域与认知域。

According to the view of temporal structure, MARVS and construction grammar, this research attempted to differentiate the semantic structures of the four constructions of visual perception, viz., kan, kanjian, kandao and kanwan in Mandarin. The result showed that the combining of construction grammar and the theory of grammaticalization can differentiate and explain the semantic structures of kan, kanjian, kandao and kanwan more perfectly than the perspectives of temporal structure and MARVS. Based on the construction grammar and the theory of grammaticalization, the finding displayed that the semantic differences among kan, kanjian, kandao and kanwan were resulted from the symbolicity and schematicity of constructions and the degree of grammaticalization of their units. In addition, it can be shown that the meaning of kan encompasses both visual perceptional domain and cognitive domain because of the mechanisms of categorization and metonymy, while the meaning of kanjian, kandao and kanwan is limited within the visual perceptional domain. In conclusion, this study found not only the close relationship among constructional semantics, conceptual structures and syntactic behaviors, but also the importance of constructional semantics in probing the interaction between cognition and linguistic structures.