基于《广州大典》5种“卫生”典籍比较中外卫生思想

The Comparative Study of Chinese and Foreign Health Thoughts-Focusing on Five Kinds of Hygiene Classics in Guangzhou Encyclopedia

《广州大典》收录清末5种"卫生"典籍(《卫生要旨》《中外卫生要旨》《学校卫生学》《卫生指南》《卫生至宝图说》),其内容既有对中医"治未病"思想的延伸与发展,又体现了近代西方公共卫生理念,是西方卫生思想与近代中国卫生实践相结合的产物。考察5种"卫生"典籍,发现中国传统卫生思想的核心是"未病先防",注重培植人体正气、传授养生法则;西方卫生思想致力于物质科学分析,专门考究自然界物质的微观结构与作用。具体区别,中医常将卫生思想提升至心性道德的精神层面,西医则关注食物成分构成、饮水卫生、空气清新及其对人体健康的影响;中医在传染病预防中强调"正气存内,邪不可干",西医除了隔离、洁净、消毒外,还设立卫生行政制度。

Guangzhou Encyclopedia included five kinds of hygiene classics in the late Qing dynasty, which were Weisheng Yaozhi, Zhongwai Weisheng Yaozhi, Xuexiao Weisheng Xue, Weisheng Zhinan and Weisheng Zhibao Tushuo. These five kinds of hygiene books not only extended and developed the thought of "preventive treatment of diseases" in Chinese Medicine, but also embodied the modern western public health concept, which were the products of the combination of western health thought and modern Chinese health practice. Through the investigation of this books, it was found that the core of traditional Chinese health thought was "prevention before diseases onset", which paid attention to cultivating healthy Qi of human body and imparting health rules.Western health thoughts were devoted to the scientific analysis of materials, especially the microscopic structure and function of natural materials. The specific differences were that Chinese Medicine often elevated health to the spiritual level of psychological morality, while Western Medicine focused on food composition, drinking water hygiene, air fresh and their impact on human health, and that Chinese Medicine emphasized "Good Qi inside,evil can not dry" in the prevention of infectious diseases, while Western Medicine, in addition to isolation,cleansing, disinfection, also set up health administration system.