德国青少年数字素养的框架与实践

Framework and Implementation of Digital Competence of German Youth

为缩小数字化时代可能引发的教育差距,德国联邦政府和州政府达成共识,启动数字教育战略。德国各州文教部长联席会议发布《数字世界中的教育》战略,针对青少年构建由六个素养域构成的数字素养框架,包括:搜索、处理与存储;交流与合作;创建与展示;保护与安全行事;解决问题与采取行动;分析与反思。这些指标既涵盖数字时代需要的基本操作技能和综合应用能力,又包括处理数字时代引发的新问题、新危机所需的行动能力。该框架兼顾数字素养培养指南与素养衡量标准双重功能。为实施数字素养教育,联邦政府出资启动“数字集成学校”项目,支持各州建设数字教育基础设施;联合专业协会助力未来数字教育;联邦各州改革课程教学,整合数字教育。借鉴德国数字教育发展,建议我国构建指向青少年的数字素养框架,将数字教育融入课程改革,提升教师数字素养水平,建立数字教育实施绩效的反馈机制等。

Germany has launched a digital education strategy to reduce the educational gap that may be caused by the digital age. The Kultusministerkonferenz released the "Education in the Digital World" strategy to build a digital competence framework consisting of six competence domains for youth, including: search, processing and storage;communication and cooperation;creation and display;protection and security act;solve problems and take action;analyze and reflect. These indicators cover not only the basic operational skills and comprehensive application capabilities required by the digital age, but also the action capabilities required to deal with new problems and crises caused by the digital age. The framework takes into account the dual functions of digital competence cultivation guidelines and competence assessment standards. In order to implement digital literacy education, the federal government funded the launch of the "DigitalPact School" project to support states in building digital education infrastructure;joint professional associations to help digital education in the future;federal states to reform curriculum and teaching and integrate digital education. The development of digital education in Germany has given us some inspirations. We suggest that in China a digital competence framework for youth should be established, digital education could be integrated into curriculum reform, teachers’ digital competence level need to be improved, and a feedback mechanism for the performance of digital education implementation should be considered.