2015—2019年中国淋病流行趋势与特征

Epidemiological trends and features of gonorrhea in China,2015—2019

目的了解近年中国淋病流行趋势和特征,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对2015—2019年全国淋病报告病例数据进行“三间分布”分析。结果全国淋病报告发病率由2015年的7.36/10万增长至2017年的10.06/10万,2019年下降至8.45/10万,总体年均增长3.51%。各年男性报告发病率约为女性的5倍。5年间15~19岁、20~24岁组报告发病率呈逐年快速增长趋势,年均增幅分别为33.67%、22.77%,其余各年龄组报告发病率总体下降或基本持平。2015—2018年高发年龄段为25~29岁、30~34岁,2019年变为20~24岁、15~19岁。各职业人群均有病例报告,以农民与民工最多(29.81%~33.36%),学生年均增幅最大(31.09%)。高发省份(发病率>12/10万)为上海、浙江、福建、广东、海南等,低发省份(发病率<3/10万)为河北、天津和西藏等。结论近5年中国淋病报告发病率总体轻度上升,男性显著高于女性,高发年龄有年轻化倾向,农民与民工为重要受影响人群,高发地区为东南沿海省份。

Objective To investigate epidemiological trends and characteristics of gonorrhea in China in recent years,and to provide evidence for developing prevention and control strategies.Methods A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to analyze personal,spatial and temporal distribution of gonorrhea cases reported in China from 2015 to 2019.Results The reported incidence rate of gonorrhea in China increased from 7.36 per 100000 in 2015 to 10.06 per 100000 in 2017,and decreased to 8.45 per 100000 in 2019,with an average annual increase rate of 3.51%.From 2015 to 2019,the reported annual incidence rate in males was about 5 times that in females.During the 5 years,the reported incidence rate rapidly increased year by year in the groups aged 15-19 years and 20-24 years,with average annual increase rates of 33.67%and 22.77%respectively,but decreased or kept stable in the remaining age groups.High reported incidence rates were observed in the groups aged 25-29 years and 30-34 years from 2015 to 2018,but in the groups aged 20-24 years and 15-19 years in 2019.Gonorrhea cases were reported in all occupation groups,the largest proportion of cases was found in farmers and migrant workers(29.81%-33.36%),and the highest average annual increase rate of 31.09%was observed in students.The reported incidence rate was high(>12 per 100000)in Shanghai,Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangdong,Hainan,etc.,but low(<3 per 100000)in Hebei,Tianjin,Tibet,etc.Conclusions In general,the reported incidence rate of gonorrhea in China had been slightly increasing in the past 5 years,and was markedly higher in males than in females.The population with high incidence of gonorrhea tended to be younger,farmers and migrant workers were the most important affected populations,and the southeast coastal areas in China showed a relatively high reported incidence rate.