美国公共图书馆的工具馆建设研究

The Development of Tool Libraries in American Public Libraries

近年来,共享经济带动了工具共享的发展。公共图书馆的共享性、公益性、广泛性使其成为开展工具共享的最佳主体。美国的公共图书馆最早探索建立了工具馆藏。本文对美国公共图书馆开设工具馆的现状进行梳理总结,以期为我国公共图书馆开展相关服务提供借鉴。本文选取美国开办工具馆的8家公共图书馆作为调研对象,从其工具馆建设历史、馆藏内容、流通政策以及相关活动的开展等方面进行分析和总结。结合我国情况,得出建议:应依托社区公共图书馆试点开展工具馆服务,大型公共图书馆应优先发展科学技术工具馆藏,推动创客空间与工具馆融合发展可提升服务效果。

In recent years,the sharing economy has driven the development of tool sharing.The Public Libraries are shared,free and useful for all people,they could be the most suitable ones to facilitate tool sharing.A public library in United States was the first one to build a tool collection.This paper summarizes the status quo of tool lending services in American public libraries to provide reference to our libraries who want to provide the same services.It surveys eight American public libraries that have carried out tool lending services,and analyzes the status quo of these libraries’tool lending services from the aspects of the context of the tool library’s construction,collections structure,lending policies and practice activities and so on.On this basis,suggestions are made for the development of tool lending services in Chinese public libraries.It is pointed out that public libraries in China should rely on community public libraries to conduct tool library pilot services.Large public libraries should prioritize the development of collections of scientific and technological tools,and promoting the integration of maker space and tool libraries will enhance service performance.