轻度认知损害诊断用神经心理测验研究进展

Progress in neuropsychological tests for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment

轻度认知损害(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)是指介于正常衰老与痴呆之间的中间状态,其症状由多种病因导致,如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、脑血管病等。针对不同病因的MCI,神经心理测验的选择、评估的认知领域范围和受损程度是相似的。MCI诊断用神经心理测验必须具备以下条件:全面覆盖各认知域,合适的受损指标数和严重度,良好的信效度和区域可比性。根据不同的研究和临床经验,推荐的成套神经心理测验包括筛查测验如简易精神状态检查量表、蒙特利尔认知评估基础量表或Addenbrooke认知功能检查量表第3版;诊断测验如听觉词语学习测验、动物流畅性测验、Boston命名测验、画钟测验、连线测验、日常生活能力量表、日常认知量表、老年抑郁量表和神经精神量表等。

Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)refers to the intermediate state between normal ageing and dementia that was caused by a variety of etiologies,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease and cerebrovascular disease.Concerning MCI with different causes,the selection of neuropsychological tests,the range of cognitive domains,and the degree of impairment are similar.Neuropsychological tests for the diagnosis of MCI have to satisfy the following criteria:comprehensive coverage of all cognitive domains,appropriate indicators and severity of impairment,good reliability and validity,and regional or international comparable.Based on different researches and clinical experiences,the recommended neuropsychological test includes screening tests such as mini mental status examination,Montreal cognitive assessment-Basic,Addenbrooke's cognitive examination-Ⅲ;diagnosis tests includes auditory verbal learning test,animal fluency test,Boston naming test,clock drawing test,trail making test,activities of daily living,everyday cognition scale,geriatric depression scale,and neuropsychiatric inventory scale.