美国高水平研究型大学社会服务的模式、机制及其启示

Social Service Modes,Mechanism and Enlightenment of World-class Research Universities in America

长期以来,我国研究型大学重科研轻社会服务,在"双一流"的竞逐过程中尤甚,重排名轻社会服务的现象凸显,教学、科研和社会服务职能未能实现协调发展。"它山之石,可以攻玉",美国研究型大学以其卓越的科研实力而著称,学界较少关注其社会服务状况。通过回溯历史可知美国研究型大学在演化过程中愈加重视社会服务,其社会服务模式由传统的单向公共服务转变为双向互惠的社区参与模式,在社会服务方面同样取得不凡成效。通过对2019年《华盛顿月刊》社会服务排行榜居前的十所研究型大学社会服务运行机制进行探析发现,各大学顶层普遍重视社会服务职能,树立了可持续发展的"社区"服务理念,成立了专门化的社会服务机构,并构建起社会服务保障体系,多途径开展社会服务实践。其经验对我国一流研究型大学更好地承担面向社会需求、面向国家战略需求及构建人类命运共同体的使命具有重要的镜鉴价值。

For a long time,China’s research universities attach great importance to scientific research than to social services.Especially in the process of"Double World-class"competition,the phenomenon of attaching great importance to ranking rather than social services becomes prominent,and the coordinated development among functions teaching,scientific research and social services does not achieve.It is said that"Stones form other hills may serve to polish gems".That is,the others’actions or opinions can help you correct your mistakes or provide lessons.American research universities are famous for their excellent research capability.Perhaps because of this,academia pays less attention to their social service function than scientific research.Tracing back the history of American research universities,it shows that they have paid more and more attention to social service in the process of evolution,and their social service model has changed from traditional one-way public service to two-way reciprocal community engagement,which has achieved remarkable results in social service.Through the analysis on the social service operating mechanism of the top ten research universities in the"Washington Monthly2019 University Social Service Rankings",it can be found that these universities generally attach importance to social service function,establish a sustainable idea of"community"service,set up specialized organizations for social service,build up a social service guarantee system,and carry out social service practice throughmulti-approach.With analyzing American experience,it may provide some suggestions for research universities in China onundertaking the mission of meeting social and national needs,and building a community of shared future for mankind.