山西省老空水害类型及主要特征分析

Types and main characteristics of old goaf water disaster in Shanxi Province

针对山西省煤矿老空层数多、面积广、积水量大,老空水害事故易发多发的现实背景,在总结45起典型老空水害案例的基础上,系统研究了山西省老空水害空间分布、事故特点、老空水害类型与防治对策。结果表明:超层越界与盲目采掘是老空水害事故的重要诱因,其透水地点、老空相对位置和老空类型分别以掘进工作面、同层、老巷为主,空间分布上"大分散、小集中";以采掘区域与老空相对位置关系为依据可将老空水害划分为同层老空积水型、顶板老空积水型、底板老空积水型和防水隔离设施型等4大类,基于积水老空类型和导水通道形成机理可进一步划分为12个亚类,提出了各类老空水害的水文地质结构模式,并给出了相应的防治对策。在查明积水老空的前提下,浸水和重复采动下煤柱流变损伤及失稳、底板变形破坏、防水隔离设施与围岩稳定性、层间主关键层稳定性等是老空水害防治的关键问题。

In view of the frequent occurrence of old goaf water inrush accidents caused by multiple goaf layers, wide area and large water volume in Shanxi coalmines, based on the summary of 45 cases of goaf water inrush accidents in Shanxi Province, the spatial distribution of old goaf water disaster, the characteristics of the accidents, its type classification, the prevention and control measures have been investigated. The results have shown that illegal cross-border mining and blind mining are the two major factors leading to old goaf water disaster. The water inrush location, location of old goaf relative to working face, and old goaf type for old goaf water disaster in Shanxi Province are mainly in heading face, the same floor, and the abandoned roadway respectively. In terms of the spatial distribution, it shows the phenomenon of "extensive dispersion and localized concentration". Based on the relative location of old goaf and working face, the old goaf water disaster can be classified into four types, i.e., water inrush from adjacent old goaf, superjacent old goaf, subjacent old goaf, and fractured waterproof isolation facility. Furthermore, they can be classified into twelve subtypes according to the type of old goaf and the formation mechanism of water inrush channel. On this basis, the hydro-geological structure of all kinds of old goaf water disasters and the corresponding prevention and control measures have been proposed. It is also revealed that under the premise of water-filled old goaf exploration, the rheological damage and instability of coal pillars, the deformation and failure of the floor, the stability of waterproof isolation facilities and surrounding rock, and the stability of the key stratum between layers under the condition of water intrusion and repeated mining are the key issues of old goaf water disaster prevention and control.