人工智能在军事对抗中的应用进展

Application progress of artificial intelligence in military confrontation

人工智能特别是近几年深度学习的飞速发展,深刻的影响着军事领域,并赋予现代战争智能性、交叉性和破坏性的新特点.要想在军事对抗中取胜,不仅需要机器智能,同样需要人类智慧,能在军事作战中达到人机高度协同,是实现人与机器取长补短的重要途径,也是在愈发复杂的战争形势中取得胜利的关键.本文将军事对抗中人工智能的应用作为切入点,罗列了代表性国家在军事领域对人工智能的重视程度,从对抗策略和物联网三层架构两大角度对发展现状进行总结,同时指出在目前军事领域使用人工智能存在的不足,对人机融合智能在军事对抗中的发展趋势进行分析,并给出可能实现的技术方案,对未来的研究方向作出展望.如何实现高度的人机融合,从而获得"1+1>2"的良好效果,是人工智能在军事对抗中的下一步研究工作.

Artificial intelligence(AI), especially the rapid development of deep learning, has a profound impact on various industries and has continuously changed the traditional production methods and lifestyles. From passive learning with computing power to autonomous learning and enhanced learning, the development of machine intelligence is largely due to the innovation of the AI theory and practice. AI has also had a far-reaching impact on the military field, as it has provided modern warfare with new features such as intelligence, interconnectedness, and destructiveness. Winning in a military confrontation requires not only machine intelligence but also human wisdom. Therefore, human-machine collaboration would combine the strengths and complement the weaknesses of human and machine, which is the key to victory in the increasingly complex war environment. How to achieve a high degree of hybrid human–artificial intelligence to obtain a good result of "1+1>2" is also a problem that needs to be further explored in military confrontation. This paper reviewed the application of AI in military confrontation as the starting point and highlighted the important measures and achievements of representative countries in the use of AI technology in the military development process. Moreover, we analyzed the development status from the two perspectives of confrontation strategy and the three-tier architecture of the Internet of Things,revealed the shortcomings of using AI in the current military field, and analyzed the development trend of hybrid human–artificial intelligence in military confrontation. We also presented three possible technical schemes and detailed explanations and finally proposed future research directions. We believe that the future development trend of intelligent military may be based on the hybrid human–artificial intelligence, which will further improve the adaptability of machines to the combat environment and reveal the merits of the integration of human wisdom and machine intelligence;this integration may be the next step of AI research in military confrontation.