城市活跃青壮年群体艾滋病防治态度和知识调查

Investigation on attitudes and knowledge towards AIDS prevention and control among young and middle-aged groups active in the city

目的了解河北省石家庄市活跃青壮年群体艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)防治知识和态度,为艾滋病防治工作提供依据。方法在石家庄市大型商厦、写字楼内50个免费发放瓶装水的广告机上,通过扫码答题的方式进行调查,采用SPSS 21.0软件建立数据库,用χ^2检验进行统计分析。结果本研究共开展四轮调查,共30 487人次参与。72.64%的被调查者认为艾滋病与自己有关,98.16%知晓艾滋病可通过性、血液、母婴3种途径传播,65.81%知晓跟艾滋病病人一起吃饭不会被传染,38.26%知晓蚊虫叮咬不会传播艾滋病;36.82%了解艾滋病需要通过医学检测诊断;不发生婚前和婚外性行为、性行为中正确使用安全套可以有效预防艾滋病的知晓率分别为94.75%和94.20%,80.05%的人知晓暴露后预防性用药可以降低感染风险,52.24%知晓拒绝与艾滋病病人在一个办公室工作并不是预防艾滋病的措施。女性对艾滋病的非传播途径知晓率均高于男性,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);不同年龄组间对艾滋病的传播途径、诊断、预防知识知晓情况差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),20~35岁年龄组知晓率相对较高,<20岁年龄组知晓率较低。结论石家庄市活跃的青壮年群体对共同抵御艾滋病态度积极,对艾滋病的传播途径和预防措施有基本的认识,但对艾滋病的诊断知识了解不足,对日常生活接触是否传播仍有疑虑,存在对感染者的歧视,<20岁的青少年防治知识知晓率存在一定差距。

Objective To understand the knowledge and attitudes of AIDS prevention and control among young and middle-aged groups active in the city of Shijiazhuang,Hebei province,so as to provide information for prevention education efforts.Methods A investigation was conducted by attaching QR code on 50 advertising machines that distributed free bottled water in large commercial and office buildings in the main urban areas of Shijiazhuang.SPSS 21.0 software was used to establish a database and χ^2 test was used for statistical analysis.Results Four rounds of survey were carried out with a total of 30 487 responses.72.64% of the respondents believed that AIDS is related to themselves,98.16% knew that AIDS is transmitted through sex contact,blood transfusion and mother-to-child,65.81% knew that people who eat with AIDS patients will not be infected,and 38.26% knew that mosquito bites will not transmit AIDS.36.82% respondents knew AIDS diagnosis method.For AIDS prevention,94.75% and 94.20% of the respondents knew that no premarital or extramarital sex behavior and the correct use of condoms during sex can be protective,80.05% knew that post-exposure prophylactic medication can reduce the risk of infection,and 52.24% knew that refusing to work in an office with AIDS patients is not a protection method.Women’s awareness of non-transmission routes of AIDS was statistically significant higher than that of men(all P < 0.05).There were statistically significant differences between age groups in the awareness of AIDS transmission routes,diagnosis,and prevention knowledge(all P<0.05).The awareness rate of the 20-35 age group was relatively high,and the younger age group was low.Conclusions The young and middle-aged population in Shijiazhuang had a positive attitude towards fighting AIDS together and a primary understanding of AIDS transmission and preventive measures,but lack of AIDS diagnosis knowledge,still doubt about whether AIDS can be transmitted by daily contacts,and had discrimination against infected people.There was a certain gap in the knowledge of prevention and treatment among young people.