宽带逆合成孔径雷达高分辨成像技术综述

Review of High-resolution Imaging Techniques of Wideband Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar

当前,国内外逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)系统均朝着高载频、大带宽、多极化、分布式、网络化的方向发展,并牵引ISAR成像技术的发展和进步。从ISAR图像的角度来看,ISAR成像的发展变化主要可归纳为精细化成像以提升成像质量和多维度成像以丰富成像信息两个方面。该文首先从雷达回波脉冲压缩、雷达系统失真校正、目标高速运动补偿、距离向自聚焦、平动补偿、转动补偿、图像重构、图像后处理等方面综述雷达精细化成像方法,然后从极化、多频带融合、多站多视角成像、三维成像等方面综述雷达成像维度的扩展,最后从成像建模、复杂场景精细成像、实时成像、成像评价与图像应用等4个方面进行展望分析。

At present,the emphasis of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar(ISAR)systems on the characteristics of high carrier frequency,wide bandwidth,multi-polarization capability,distribution,and networking has led to the development and progress of ISAR imaging technology.The development and changes of ISAR imaging technology can be summarized into two aspects:fine imaging to improve the image quality and multidimensional imaging to enrich the image information.The methods of radar fine imaging(such as radar echo pulse compression,radar system distortion correction,high velocity motion compensation,range profile focusing,translational motion compensation,rotational motion compensation,image reconstruction,and image display)are reviewed firstly in this study.Next,the expansion of radar imaging dimensions is summarized,including full polarization fusion,multi-band fusion,multi-station and multi-view imaging,and three-dimensional imaging,etc.Finally,the imaging development trend of combining imaging modeling,fine imaging of complex scene,real-time imaging,image evaluation,and application is proposed.