艰难昧生理 飘泊到如今 ——杜诗双声叠韵对新考

On Alliterative Compounds and Rhyming Compounds in Du Fu’s Poems

双声叠韵对虽然不是杜甫的首创,但他喜用双声叠韵创作偶句,并出现了新的发展。如“飘泊”一词(或作“飘薄”“漂泊”“漂薄”),它并不是《文选》中的常用语,而杜甫将之与“艰难”一词相对,这是唐前诗歌中几乎未曾有过的作法,展现出杜甫诗歌崭新的一面。杜甫双声叠韵对的新颖之处,不仅在于他使用传统的连绵词,尤其表现为大量地活用了近似于双声和叠韵的复合词或自造词。本文拟在以往研究成果的基础上,揭示杜甫律诗中所见双声叠韵对的主要用例,同时阐述笔者自己的见解:使“漂泊”固定成为一种双声的诗歌语汇是杜甫的功绩。

Although alliterative compounds and rhyming compounds are not his creation,Du Fu’s preference to alliterative compounds and rhyming compounds in his duality makes new developments.For example,“piaobo”(meaning wandering),an uncommon term in Selected Works,is used as a contrasts with the word“jiannan”(meaning difficult)in his poems,which is the practice almost never seen before the Tang Dynasty.That represents the innovation in Du Fu’s poems.The novelty of Du Fu’s alliterative compounds and rhyming compounds is not only seen in his use of traditional continuous words,but also in his extensive use of compound words or self-made words similar to alliterative compounds and rhyming compounds.By analyzing major samples of alliterative compounds and rhyming compounds in Du’s regulated verses,this paper intends to show Du Fu’s contribution to make“piaobo”a fixed dual-tone poetry vocabulary.