“系争标的”转让的诉讼效果

The Litigation Effect of the Transfer of Subject Matter in Dispute

为促进与保障民事交易,近现代民事诉讼立法普遍允许当事人在诉讼中转让“系争标的”,从而导致民事法律行为与正在进行的诉讼(诉讼系属)发生关联,“系争标的”之交易行为也随之产生诉讼效果,引发更换当事人及既判力扩张等一系列程序问题。对“系争标的”转让的诉讼效果,立法上主要有当事人恒定主义或诉讼承继主义两种处理模式,两者分别侧重不同的法律价值及对不同当事人的权利保护。折中上述两模式,以扬长避短,是理性选择及价值衡量的客观需要。同时,为防止“系争标的”转让的诉讼效果走向泛化,使诉讼效果与实体效果保持一致,立法应明定“系争标的”转让的客体范围,排除债权转让、义务转让及受让人善意取得行为产生诉讼效果。在主体及内容方面,鉴于“系争标的”转让可能造成诉讼复杂化,立法上应平衡设置各方当事人的诉讼权利义务,合理限制转让人的诉讼处分权,并以当事人恒定主义及诉讼承继主义各自优势,为对方当事人及受让人提供妥当的程序保护。

In order to promote and protect civil transactions,the modern civil procedure legislation generally allows the parties to transfer the“subject matter in dispute”in litigation,which leads to the connection between the civil legal act and the ongoing litigation(litigation belongs to the subject matter).The transaction behavior of“subject matter in dispute”also has litigation effect,causing a series of procedural problems such as the replacement of parties and the expansion of res judicata.There are mainly two modes of dealing with the litigation effect of the transfer of“subject matter in dispute”in legislation,namely,the principle of litigant constancy or the doctrine of litigation succession,which focus on different legal values and the protection of the rights of different parties.It is the objective need of rational choice and value measurement to compromise the above two models in order to develop their strengths and avoid their weaknesses.At the same time,in order to prevent the litigation effect of the transfer of“disputed subject matter”to be generalized,and to keep the litigation effect consistent with the substantive effect,legislation should specify the object scope of the transfer of“disputed subject matter”,and exclude the transfer of creditor's rights,the transfer of obligations and the act of the transferee's acquisition in good faith to produce litigation effect.In terms of subject matter and content,in view of the fact that the transfer of“disputed subject matter”may complicate litigation,it is necessary to balance the litigation rights and obligations of all parties,reasonably limit the transferor's litigation disposition right,and provide proper procedural protection for the other party and the transferee with the respective advantages of Party constancy and litigation inheritance.