不同精粗比全混合日粮对努比亚山羊肉品质、血清指标和器官发育的影响

Effects of total mixed rations with different concentrate∶roughage ratios on meat quality,serum indexes and organ development in Nubian goats

为了研究不同精粗比全混合日粮对山羊肉品质、血清指标和器官发育的影响,将体重相近、健康的4月龄努比亚黑山羊36只随机分为3组,每组12只羊。试验组山羊分别饲喂低精粗比(40∶60,L)、中精粗比(50∶50,M)和高精粗比(60∶40,H)全混合日粮,试验为期70 d。结果表明:1)不同精粗比日粮对整个试验期山羊的体尺指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)正试期第14天,H组山羊血清谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)活性显著低于L组(P<0.05);正试期第56天,H组山羊血清AST/ALT值显著高于L组(P<0.05),但碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性则相反。3)H组山羊肌肉失水率显著低于其他两组(P<0.05),但肌肉pH则相反;M组肌肉红度显著低于其他两组(P<0.05),各组间其他项目无显著性差异(P>0.05)。4)L组山羊的瘤胃重量、肝脏重量和肝脏指数显著高于H组(P<0.05),而肺指数则相反;M组山羊网胃重量、网胃指数、瓣胃重量、瓣胃指数和皱胃指数著高于L组(P<0.05),而脾脏重量和脾脏指数则相反。5)L组山羊十二指肠绒毛高度、VH/CD和空肠VH/CD显著高于H组(P<0.05),而空肠的隐窝深度则相反;M组山羊回肠绒毛高度和VH/CD显著高于H组(P<0.05)。综上所述,低精粗比日粮能够促进努比亚山羊胃肠道发育,高精粗比日粮能够提高山羊肉品质。从本试验结果来看,采用低精粗比(40∶60)日粮对努比亚山羊进行育肥较好。

To study the effects of total mixed ration with different concentrate∶roughage ratios on meat quality,serum indices and organ development of goats,thirty six two-month old healthy Nubian goats with similar body weights were chosen and divided into three groups with 12 goats per group.The groups of goats were then fed total mixed rations with low(L,40∶60),medium(M,50∶50 M)and high(H,60∶40)concentrate∶roughage ratios.The experimental period was 70 days,with a diet adaptation period of 14 days and a formal experiment period of 56 days.The results were as follows:1)The diets with different concentrate∶roughage ratios had no significant effect on body measurement traits of the goats over the whole experimental period(P>0.05).2)The activities of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase were significantly lower in serum of diet H goats than in diet L goats on day 14 of the formal experiment(P<0.05).The ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase was significantly higher in group H goats than in group L goats on day 56 of formal experiment(P<0.05),but the activity of alkaline phosphatase showed the opposite pattern.3)Rate of water loss was significant lower in diet H goats than the other two groups(P<0.05),but pH value showed the opposite result.The redness of meat was significantly lower in diet M goats than the other two groups(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between dietary groups in other indices(P>0.05).Rumen weight,liver weight and liver index were significantly higher in diet L goats than in diet H goats(P<0.05),but the opposite pattern was observed for lung index.Reticulum and omasum weights,reticulum and omasum indices,and abomasum index were significantly higher in diet M goats than in diet L goats(P<0.05),but the opposite pattern was observed for spleen weight and spleen index.Villus height and villus height∶crypt depth of duodenum,and villus height∶crypt depth of jejuna were significantly higher in diet L goats than in diet H goats,but crypt depth of jejuna showed the opposite result.Villus height and villus height∶crypt depth of the ileum were significantly higher in diet M goats than in diet H goats.In conclusion,total mixed rations with low concentrate∶roughage ratio promoted gastrointestinal development of Nubian goats,and high concentrate∶roughage ratio improved meat quality.For conditions in this experiment,feeding Nubian goats a total mixed ration diet with low concentrate∶roughage ratio is recommended.