常州奔牛机场鸟类群落结构及鸟击防范

Avian Community Structure and Bird Strike Prevention at Changzhou Benniu Airport

鸟击对飞机的安全飞行构成严重威胁,了解和掌握机场及其周边地区的鸟类群落结构对开展鸟击防范工作具有重要意义。近年来,很多大型机场周边的鸟类时空格局均有较好的研究基础,为鸟击防范策略提供了详实的理论依据。而长江中下游机场的鸟情生态研究则相对薄弱。本研究拟以常州奔牛国际机场为例,结合样线法和样点法调查机场周围8 km范围内的鸟类群落现状,以更好地制定鸟击防范方案。一年调查周期内(2016年7月到2017年8月)共记录到鸟类99种,隶属于12目32科。鸟类物种数和个体数在夏季与冬季分别有一个峰值,夏季鸟类物种数最多,秋冬鸟类物种数稍有减少。春夏季鸟类活动较秋冬季频繁。机场外北样线的鸟类分布数量在全年均处于较高水平,北样线的高度生境异质性为鸟类提供了优质的栖息环境,其余三样线各月变化趋势大致一样。机场外样线鸟类个体数量相比机场内明显较高。危险鸟类分析揭示严重危险鸟类有17种(占鸟类总数的17.17%),其中对飞机飞行危害程度较高的有家鸽(Columba livia domestica)、白鹭(Egretta garzetta)和八哥(Acridotheres cristatellus)等。机场鸟击防范工作,应该根据鸟类活动特点,通过对重点区域栖息地的改造以减少鸟类在机场地区的活动,避免鸟击事件的发生。

Bird strike poses a serious threat to the flight safety of aircraft.It is important to document the community structure of birds at airports and surrounding areas prior to planning and implementing bird strike prevention work.In recent years,bird comunities at many large airports been well studied,providing a theoretical basis for bird strike prevention.However,few studies have addressed airports along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.We investigated the bird community around Changzhou Benniu International Airport by sampling line transects and points.Ninty-nine species of 12 orders and 32 families were recorded during the one-year cycle(July 2016 to August 2017).The numbers of species and birds peaked in summer and winter,respectively.The number of species was greatest in spring and decreased slightly in autumn and winter.Birds were more active in spring and summer than in autumn and winter.Numbers of birds along the north line transect of the airport were at a high level throughout the year.The high habitat heterogeneity of the north line transects enhanced habitat quality for birds.The other three line transacts followed the same monthly trend in bird numbers as the north transect,but bird numbers were slightly lower.Bird numbers outside the airport were significantly greater than counts within the airport.We categorized 17 species as bird considered dangerous to flying aircraft(17%of the total number of birds).Among these,Columba livia domestica,Egretta garzetta and Acridotheres cristatellus were the most harmful to aircraft flight.Bird strike prevention work should be based on the characteristics of bird activity and should be designed to reduce bird activities in the airport area by the reconstruction of the habitat in the key area.