特定责任人员紧急避险行为研究

Research on Emergency Risk-avoidance Behavior of Specific Responsible Personnel

对特定责任人员紧急避险行为的研究,主要是探究这类人员能否为本人利益实施紧急避险的问题。对此,包括我国在内的多数国家都在立法上做出了排除适用之规定。区别于德日刑法理论适当肯定特定责任人员的避险权限的学说主张,我国理论界更为鲜明地形成了“肯定说”与“否定说”的两种截然不同的理论立场。然而,“否定说”存在的固有缺陷使得其难以适应我国刑事法治实践的需要,因此我国应采取“肯定说”的路径,针对特定责任人员基于履职与业务需要而实施的与其特定责任相一致的避险行为,在未超过职务行为、正当业务行为的范围内予以正当化。从而在不与我国刑法规定相抵触的前提下实现对特定责任人员权益的有效保障。

The research on emergency risk-avoidance behaviors of specific responsible personnel is mainly to explore whether such personnel can implement emergency risk-avoidance for their own interests.In this regard,most countries,including China,have made provisions for exclusion and application in legislation.Different from the German and Japanese criminal law theories,which properly affirm the risk-avoidance authority of certain responsible persons,China's theoretical circles have formed two distinct positions of affirmation and negation.However,the inherent shortcomings of the negative theory make it difficult to adapt to the needs of China's criminal rule of law.Therefore,China should take the affirmative approach and accept that certain responsible personnel can perform risk-avoidance behaviors consistent with their specific responsibilities based on performance and business needs,which should be justified within the scope of not exceeding the duties and legitimate business conduct,so as to achieve effective protection of the rights and interests of specific responsible personnel without conflicting with China's criminal law.