论人格权体系

On the System of Personality Rights

中国的人格权体系为“法定的具体人格权+人格权一般条款”。中国具体人格权的法定,是一种缓和的、强度较弱的法定。最高人民法院可以以指导性案例的形式将习惯中的人格权确认为新的法定具体人格权,或通过司法解释创设新的具体人格权类型。人格权一般条款的核心要素应为人格尊严和人格自由。人身自由的内涵与外延不同于人格自由,人格自由贯穿于人格权益保护的各个方面。人格自由有助于保护人格法益自主决定的自由,有助于促进新的自由型人格权的创设,对人格领域立法保护起着引领和宣示的作用。但是,应注意防止自由权利类型的泛化。

The system of personality rights in China is"statutory specific personality rights+general provisions of personality rights".Specific personal rights in our country adheres to statutory doctrine.It is a mild and weak one.The Supreme People's Court can confirm customary personality rights as new legal specific personality rights in the form of guiding cases,or create new types of specific personality rights through judicial interpretation.The core elements of the general provisions of personality right should be personality dignity and personality freedom.The connotation and extension of personal freedom are different from personality freedom,which runs through all aspects of the protection of personality rights.Personality freedom helps to protect the freedom of self-determination of personality law and benefit,and promote the creation of new free personality rights.It plays a leading and declarative role in legislative protection of the personality field.But care should be taken to prevent the generalization of the types of freedom.