野外引种与圈养大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)巢穴期的育幼能力比较

Comparison of Neonatal Care Between Field-Introduced and Captive Giant Panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)During the Nesting Period

为了探究在巢穴期野外引种大熊猫和圈养大熊猫母兽育幼能力的差异性,建立培训母兽的选择标准。2018年7月—2019年1月,在中国大熊猫保护研究中心核桃坪野化放归培训基地,通过“高清网络摄像机监视系统”收集了“草草”和3只圈养母兽(“博斯”“翠翠”以及“平平”)巢穴期110 d,每天3个时段共计1320 h的高清视频资料,以“无响应”“滞后安抚”“舔仔”和“幼仔完全暴露时间”4个行为数据作为母兽育幼能力的评估指标,进行了野外引种大熊猫与圈养大熊猫的比较分析。结果表明:(1)它们在“无响应”行为上没有显著性差异(K-W:H=6.569,P=0.087);(2)在“滞后安抚”行为上有极显著性差异(K-W:H=13.185,P=0.004);(3)在“舔仔”行为上表现出极显著性差异(K-W:H=25.046,P=0.000);(4)在“幼仔完全暴露”时间上具有极显著性差异(K-W:H=31.043,P=0.000);这说明在巢穴期“草草”的育幼能力强于3只圈养母兽,特别是在“幼仔完全暴露时间”这一育幼能力指标上表现得尤其突出,为今后母兽带仔野化培训在母兽选择方面提供了参考。

We aimed to compare differences in the capacity for neonatal care between a field-introduced giant panda,“Caocao”,and three captive giant pandas in wildness training programs during the nesting period.Our goal was to establish selection criteria for training mother pandas.From July 2018 to January 2019,at the China Giant Panda Conservation Research Center,Hetaoping Wild Chemical Rehabilitation Training Base,video data of“Caocao”and three captive mother pandas“Bosi”,“Cuicui”,and“Pingping”was recorded using an“HD Network Camera Surveillance System”.The study periods were 110 days,during which a total of 1,320 hours of high-definition audio-visual were recorded during three periods of each day.Statistical analysis was carried out with four data indicators of“no response to cub”,“delayed response to cub”,“licking of cub”and“cub completely exposed”time.The results showed that:(1)No-response frequency was similar for Caocao and the three captive pandas(K-W:H=6.569,P=0.087);(2)Delayed-response was significant more frequent among captive pandas(K-W:H=13.185,P=0.004);(3)Captive pandas licked their cubs significantly less frequently than did Caocao(K-W:H=25.046,P=0.00);and(4)Captive pandas left their cubs completely exposed for durations significantly greater than did Caocao(K-W:H=31.043,P=0.000).Our study results showed that neonatal care provided by Caocao was superior to that provided by the three captive pandas.This was especially true in terms of duration of complete exposure of the cub,which is an indicator of the ability to raise cubs.These results provide a reference for the selection of females in the future training of females with cubs.