传统文化场域下抗战历史剧的女英雄叙事

The Narration of Heroines in Anti-Japanese War Historical Dramas in the Field of Traditional Culture

抗战时期女英雄题材历史剧一度繁荣,“女英雄”崇拜情结和女性主题是剧作两大特点。剧作家对女性主人公人物的塑造强调“雄化”、阳刚、女强男弱。从社会效应层面上看,可以借此表达抗日爱国情绪,符合战时观赏心理,提供精神支撑和情感慰藉。从文化思想上看,表象是受现代启蒙思潮影响对中国传统文化和男权的反叛,但因其重点强化女英雄与外族侵略的冲突、弱化女英雄与传统封建思想的冲突,戏剧张力不足;同时,衡量评判女英雄的标准不乏中国传统男权思想,在抗战救亡功利目的驱使下,“女英雄”形象的性别属性失衡、“神化”与“被污名化”同步,女性仍是主动迎合战争形势需求、被观赏的地位,而女性特有的母性、生命意识、性别意识被强烈压制和异化,于女性解放和性别平等而言,是历史原因导致的阻碍和停滞,不得不说是一种遗憾。

Historical dramas featuring heroines flourished during the Anti-Japanese War.Heroine worship complex and female theme are the two major characteristics of these dramas.The playwrights emphasize“masculinity”,“masculinity”,“female strength”and“male weakness”in shaping heroines.In terms of social effects,it can express the anti-Japanese patriotic sentiment,in line with wartime viewing psychology,provide mental support and emotional comfort.Culturally and ideologically,the appearance is a rebellion against Chinese traditional culture and male power under the influence of modern enlightenment;however,due to its emphasis on strengthening the conflict between the heroine and foreign invasion and weakening the conflict between the heroine and traditional feudal ideology,as well as dramatic under-tension;at the same time,there is no shortage of traditional Chinese patriarchal thoughts in judging heroines.Driven by utilitarian purpose of Anti-Japanese War and national salvation,the gender attribute of heroine image is unbalanced,“deified”and“stigmatized”are synchronized,women are still in a position to cater to the demands of war situations and be watched,and the unique maternal,life and gender consciousness of women are strongly suppressed and alienated.