稻鳅共作模式下不同施肥量对泥鳅生长和水稻产量的影响

Effects of different fertilization rates on the growth of loach and rice yield in rice-loach culture system

通过小区定位试验,研究了稻鳅共作模式下不同施肥量对泥鳅生长和水稻产量的影响,探讨稻鳅共作模式下的施肥特征。结果表明:各处理间泥鳅平均成活率无显著差异,泥鳅体重差异显著,稻谷和稻秆产量均无显著差异。减氮50%处理的稻谷产量最高,为6850 kg∕hm^2,无肥处理的稻谷(6100 kg∕hm^2)和稻秆产量均最低;无肥处理泥鳅平均成活率最高,但泥鳅体重显著低于减氮30%和减氮50%处理。施肥处理的溶解氧、总氮含量相较于无肥处理均有大幅上升,高温季节氨氮含量明显高于无肥处理。因子分析结果表明:减氮50%处理综合得分最高,综合效益最好,无肥处理综合得分最低,其中减氮50%处理泥鳅生长因子贡献最高,而无肥处理水稻产量因子贡献最低,常规施肥处理泥鳅成活因子贡献最低。研究结果表明:稻鳅共作模式应实行化肥减量,氮肥减量影响效果大于磷肥减量效果,以减氮50%(纯氮150 kg∕hm^2)综合效果最好。

The effects of different fertilization rates on the growth of loach and rice yield in rice-loach culture system were studied by plot positioning experiment,and the fertilization characteristics of rice-loach culture system were discussed.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average survival rate of loach among the treatments,the body weight of loach was significantly different,and there was no significant difference in rice yield and straw yield among the treatments.The rice yield of 50%nitrogen reduction treatment was the highest,which was 6850 kg∕hm^2,and the rice yield(6100 kg∕hm^2)and straw yield of no fertilizer treatment were the lowest.The average survival rate of loach of no fertilizer treatment was the highest,but the body weight of loach was significantly lower than that of 30%and 50%nitrogen reduction treatments.The content of dissolved oxygen and total nitrogen in fertilization treatments were significantly higher than those in no fertilizer treatment,and ammonia nitrogen content was significantly higher than that in no fertilizer treatment in high temperature season.Factor analysis showed that the comprehensive score of 50%nitrogen reduction treatment was the highest,the comprehensive benefit was the best,and the comprehensive score of no fertilizer treatment was the lowest.Among them,the contribution of growth factor of loach was the highest in 50%nitrogen reduction treatment,while the contribution of rice yield factor in no fertilizer treatment was the lowest,and the contribution of survival factor of loach in conventional fertilization treatment was the lowest.The results showed that fertilizer reduction should be carried out in rice-loach culture system,and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction was greater than that of phosphorus fertilizer reduction,and the comprehensive effect of reducing nitrogen by 50%(pure N 150 kg∕hm^2)was the best.