磷肥处理对苦荞灌浆特性及充实度的影响

Effects of phosphate fertilizer on filling characteristics and plumpness of tartary buckwheat

以‘晋荞2号’为试验材料,研究了磷肥对苦荞根系形态、农艺性状、灌浆特性、充实度和产量的影响。结果表明:‘晋荞2号’的根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积以中磷(MP)处理最高,高磷(HP)处理最低;根系平均直径以低磷(LP)处理最高,MP处理最低。磷肥处理能显著增加‘晋荞2号’的株高、子叶节高度和主茎节数;‘晋荞2号’的1-2节节间长度以LP和MP处理最高,1-2节节间粗度以HP处理最高,0P处理最低;磷肥处理对‘晋荞2号’的主茎分枝数无明显影响;‘晋荞2号’的形态参数(N值)以MP处理最低,HP处理最高;灌浆起始势(R0)以MP处理最高,HP处理最低;达到最大灌浆速率的时间(Tmax.G)以MP处理最短,HP处理最长;‘晋荞2号’的最大灌浆速率(Gmax)、灌浆速率为最大时的生长量与籽粒生长终值量比值(I)、灌浆活跃生长期(D)均以HP处理最大;‘晋荞2号’的充实度和产量以MP处理最大,HP处理最小。可见,中磷处理促进了苦荞的灌浆,提高了充实度及最终的产量。

The effects of phosphate fertilizer on root morphology,agronomic characters,filling characteristics,plumpness and yield of tartary buckwheat‘Jinqiao 2’were studied.The results showed that the root length,root surface area and root volume of‘Jinqiao 2’were the highest in MP treatment and the lowest in HP treatment,the average root diameter was the highest in LP treatment and the lowest in MP treatment.The plant height,cotyledon node height and main stem node number of‘Jinqiao 2’were significantly increased by phosphate fertilizer treatment.The length of 1-2 internode of‘Jinqiao 2’was the highest in LP and MP treatments,the thicknesses of 1-2 internodes were the highest in HP treatment,and the lowest in OP treatment.The number of main stem branches of‘Jinqiao 2’was not affected by phosphate fertilizer treatment.The morphological parameters(N value)of‘Jinqiao 2’were the lowest in MP treatment and the highest in HP treatment;the initial filling potential(R0)was the highest in MP treatment and the lowest in HP treatment;the time reaching the maximum grain filling rate(Tmax.G)was the shortest in MP treatment and the longest in HP treatment.The maximum grain filling rate(Gmax),the ratio of growth to final grain growth(Ⅰ)and the active filling stage(D)of‘Jinqiao 2’were the highest in HP treatment.The plumpness and yield of‘Jinqiao 2’were the highest in MP treatment and the lowest in HP treatment.It could be seen that medium phosphorus treatment promoted the grain filling of tartary buckwheat,and improved its plumpness and final yield.