“静态保种”在中国地方猪种遗传资源保护中的应用进展

Advances on the application of cryoconservation in genetic resources conservation of Chinese local pig breeds

通过配子(精子和卵母细胞)、胚胎和体细胞等遗传物质的冷冻保存(即“静态保种”)对地方猪种进行遗传资源备份,可大幅度地降低传统活体保种面临的生物安全风险。通过对我国地方猪种遗传资源保护现状、“静态保种”涉及技术和国内外畜禽“基因库”进展等方面展开综述,指出在目前非洲猪瘟形势仍十分严峻的背景下,整合科研单位、养猪企业和专门保种场力量,利用精液、体细胞和胚胎等冷冻保存技术对我国现有地方猪种质资源进行有效保护,显得尤为紧迫和意义重大。

Cryopreservation of gamete(sperm and oocyte),embryo,somatic cell and so on(namely static breed conservation)was used for backups for genetic resources of Chinese indigenous pig breeds,which can reduce the biosafety of traditional breed conservation substantially.In this paper,we review the status of breed conservation of Chinese indigenous pig breeds,advances in static breed conservation-related technologies and gene stock of livestock.It is urgent and of great significance that we combine the research institutes,pig farming enterprises and conservation farms and work for the genetic resources conservation of Chinese indigenous pig breeds by the mean of cryopreservation of semen,embryo and somatic cell.