广州地区学龄前儿童微量元素与营养状况

Study on the relationships between the levels of trace elements and nutritional status of preschool children in Guangzhou

目的了解广州地区学龄前儿童铁、锌、铜水平及缺乏情况,探讨学龄前儿童铁、锌、铜水平与营养状况的关系,为针对性营养指导提供科学依据。方法选取2018年6月至2019年5月于广州市某妇幼保健院儿保科健康体检的5002例儿童进行体格检查、采集血样,用原子吸收光谱法检测铁、锌、铜水平。结果广州地区学龄前儿童铁、锌、铜水平中位数(上下四分位数)分别为7.80(7.39,8.19)mmol/L、69.0(61.0,76.5)μmol/L、18.6(15.9,21.4)μmol/L。不同性别儿童铁、锌、铜水平差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。铁、锌水平随儿童年龄增长而升高。学龄前儿童铁、锌、铜缺乏率分别为14.93%、21.93%和0.24%。不同性别儿童铁、锌、铜缺乏率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。锌缺乏率随儿童年龄增长而降低(P=0.000)。营养不良、超重和肥胖儿童铁、锌水平低于正常儿童(P<0.05),不同营养状况儿童铜水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。营养不良、超重和肥胖儿童铁、锌缺乏率均高于正常儿童(P<0.05),不同营养状况儿童铜缺乏率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论广州地区学龄前儿童铁、锌缺乏率较高,营养不良、超重和肥胖的学龄前儿童更容易发生铁、锌缺乏。应加强学龄前儿童营养管理,尤其是营养不良、超重和肥胖儿童,及时合理补充微量元素。

Objective To investigate the levels of trace elements in preschool children in Guangzhou and their relationships with nutritional status,and to provide a scientific basis for guiding children′s nutritional diet and timely and reasonable supplementation of trace elements.Methods A cross-sectional study was used to perform physical examinations and collect blood samples from 5002 children who were examined in the Department of Pediatric Health of a Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Guangzhou in 2018.The levels of trace elements including iron,zinc and copper were detected by atomic absorption spectrometer.Results The median(upper and lower quartile)levels of iron,zinc and copper for preschool children in a district of Guangzhou were 7.80(7.39,8.19)mmol/L,69.0(61.0,76.5)μmol/L,18.6(15.9,21.4)μmol/L.There was no significant difference in the levels of iron,zinc and copper between different genders(P>0.05).The levels of iron and zinc increased significantly with the age of children(P=0.000).There was no significant difference in the level of copper in different ages(P>0.05).The prevalence rates of iron,zinc and copper deficiency in preschool children were 14.93%,21.93%and 0.24%,respectively,and there was no significant difference between different genders(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the prevalence of iron and copper deficiency in different ages(P>0.05),while the zinc deficiency rate decreased with the age of children(P=0.000).(P<0.05).The levels of iron and zinc in overweight children,and those suffering from malnutrition,and obesity were lower than those in normal children.There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of copper in children with different nutritional status(P>0.05).The prevalence rates of iron and zinc deficiency in children with malnutrition,overweight and obesity were higher than those in normal children.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of copper deficiency in children with different nutritional status(P>0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of iron,zinc deficiency is high in preschool children in Guangzhou.Preschool children with malnutrition,overweight and obesity are more prone to iron and zinc deficiency.