开花期红掌耐寒性评判方法研究

Study on the determination method of cold tolerance in Anthurium andraeanum cultivars in blooming

【目的】探究开花期红掌(Anthurium andraeanum)耐寒性判定方法,为不同耐寒性红掌品种的分级管理提供理论依据。【方法】以20个开花期红掌品种为试材,在上海地区冬季大棚自然低温环境下进行种植,观察叶柄、叶片、花柄、苞片的冷害症状,统计各器官冷害指数,通过主成分和聚类分析进行耐寒性研究;根据聚类结果分别在不同耐寒性组中选择1~3个品种再次进行低温试验,并测定低温处理前后叶片的叶绿素荧光参数F v/F m、相对电导率和丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量以及过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,进行各指标变化率与耐寒性的相关性分析。【结果】对供试红掌品种各器官冷害指数进行主成分分析,得到20个品种的耐寒性综合得分,结合聚类分析结果将其分为3组,高耐寒组品种包括‘阿拉巴马’、‘艾美拉’、‘粉阿拉巴马’、‘黑皇后’、‘红宝贝’、‘马都拉’、‘潘多拉’、‘紫罗兰’、‘红丰收’、‘红成功’、‘红赢家’、‘白塞拉’、‘紫雷鸟’和‘特伦萨’,中耐寒组品种包括‘皇家布加迪’、‘轰动’、‘红阿里克斯’和‘白雪阿莱西亚’,低耐寒组品种有‘粉冠军’和‘粉爱’,其中‘阿拉巴马’、‘潘多拉’、‘特伦萨’、‘皇家布加迪’、‘轰动’和‘粉冠军’6个品种的耐寒性得到了再次验证。相关性分析结果表明,红掌在低温处理前后叶绿素荧光参数F v/F m的变化率与耐寒性显著正相关,相对电导率变化率与耐寒性极显著负相关,其他指标与耐寒性则没有表现出显著相关性。【结论】自然低温下器官冷害指数的观测可以作为判定开花期红掌耐寒性的一种有效方法,而叶绿素荧光参数F v/F m和相对电导率可以作为较为可靠的生理指标应用于红掌耐寒性的分析中。

【Objective】This study tested the determination method for cold tolerance of Anthurium andraeanum cultivars in bloom to provide basis for classification manage of A.andraeanum cultivars with different cold tolerance capacities.【Method】Twenty cultivars of A.andraeanum were planted in a greenhouse during winter in shanghai.Under natural low temperature,the chilling injury symptoms of petiole,leaf,flower stalk and bract were investigated to calculate organ chilling injury indexes.According to principal component analysis and cluster analysis,cold tolerance of these cultivars was studied.Based on the results of cluster analysis,one,two or three varieties were selected in different cold tolerance groups to conduct low temperature experiment again.Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F v/F m,relative electric conductivity,contents of malondialdehyde,soluble protein and soluble sugar,and activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase of leaves were measured before and after low temperature treatment.Correlation between changes of these indexes and cold tolerance capacity was then obtained.【Result】According to principal component analysis of organ chilling injury indexes of experimental varieties of A.andraeanum,the cold tolerance comprehensive scores of 20 cultivars were obtained.Based on cluster analysis of the scores,these cultivars were divided to three groups.Strong capacity group in cold tolerance contained‘Alabama’,‘Almera’,‘Alabama Pink’,‘Black Queen’,‘Baby Red’,‘Madural’,‘Pandola’,‘Pr.Al Violet’,‘Red Harvest’,‘Red Success’,‘Red Winner’,‘Sierra White’,‘Thunderbird Luxry’and‘Turenza’.Medium capacity group contained‘Bugatti Royal’,‘Furore’,‘Pr.Al Red’and‘Pr.Al Snow’.Poor capacity group contained‘Pink Champion’and‘Pink Love’.The cold tolerance capacities of 6 cultivars of‘Alabama’,‘Pandola’,‘Turenza’,‘Bugatti Royal’,‘Furore’and‘Pink Champion’were confirmed again.Correlation analysis demonstrated that cold tolerance capacity was correlated significantly and positively with the changes of F v/F m,and very significantly and negatively with relative electric conductivity.【Conclusion】The observation of organ chilling injury indexes under natural low temperature can be used as efficient determination method for cold tolerance of A.andraeanum cultivars in bloom.Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F v/F m and relative electric conductivity can be used as relatively reliable physiological indicators to analyze cold tolerance capacity of A.andraeanum.