煤矿区场地地下水污染防控技术研究进展及发展方向

Study Progress and Development Directions of the Prevention and Control Technology of Ground Water Pollution in Coal Mine Sites

目前,我国煤矿区场地地下水污染防控还处于初级阶段,缺乏矿井全生命周期地下水污染防控体系,造成了地下水污染防控不当、污染加剧等问题,在科学界定煤矿区污染场地和地下水污染流场单元的基础上,阐述了目前煤矿区场地地下水污染监测预警与防控技术的研究进展及发展方向。基于污染场地的定义,对煤矿区地下水污染场地和地下水污染流场单元进行了科学界定,明确了煤矿区地下水污染场地范围和地下水流场评估范围;分析了煤矿区场地矿井水污染类型和污染模式,阐明了煤矿开采和闭坑阶段地下水污染的主要特征因子;基于地下水污染风险理论,剖析了煤矿区场地地下水污染监测现状及预警技术思路;从矿井生产和闭坑角度出发,阐述了基于岩层控制、阻断材料以及地下储水等现有的保水开采技术途径,概述了矿井闭坑过程和闭坑后地下水污染防控的主动、被动技术手段。在上述分析的基础上,立足于矿井全生命周期不同阶段的特征,提出了煤矿区场地地下水污染防控技术的发展方向,主要包括:地下水污染精准探测技术,地下水特征污染物智能识别、监测预警技术与装备的研发,煤矿区地下水污染源头控制、过程阻断、末端修复等关键技术与工艺,力促形成煤矿区全生命周期地下水污染防控技术体系与规范,研究结果对于矿区地下水污染防控有一定的参考价值。

At present,the prevention and control of groundwater pollution in coal mine sites was still in the primary stage,the lack of a groundwater pollution prevention and control system for the entire life cycle of a mine caused some problems such as improper prevention and control of groundwater pollution and aggravation of pollution,etc..Based on the scientific definition of pollution sites and groundwater pollution assessment units in coal mine sites,study progress and development directions of the monitoring,early warning,prevention and control technology of groundwater pollution in coal mine sites were discussed.Based on the definition of contaminated sites,the groundwater contaminated site and groundwater contaminated flow field units in the coal mine sites were scientifically defined,and the scopes of groundwater contaminated site and groundwater flow field assessment in the coal mine sites were also defined.The types and patterns of groundwater pollution in coal mine sites were analyzed,and the main characteristic pollution factor during coal mining and pit closure were explained.Based on the groundwater pollution risk theory,the status quo of groundwater pollution monitoring and early-warning technology in coal mine sites were analyzed.From the perspectives of mine production and pit closure,the existing water-preservedmining technology methods based on strata control,blocking materials,and underground water storage were described.The active and passive technical means of the process of pit closure and groundwater pollution prevention and control after the pit closure were described.Based on the above analysis results,according to the characteristics of different stages of the entire life cycle of mine,it points out that development directions of the prevention and control technology of ground water pollution in coal mine sites are mainly for conducting accurate detection of groundwater pollution,study and development of intelligent identification,monitoring and early warning technology and equipment of specific pollutant,study the key technologies such as source control,process blocking and end remediation of groundwater pollution in coal mining area,so as to form the technical system and standard prevention and control of groundwater pollution throughout the life cycle of coal mining area.The above study results can provide certain reference for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution in mines.