倾斜溜井中的矿岩运动特征及其对井壁的损伤与破坏

Characteristics of Ore or Rock Movement in Inclined Orepass and Its Damage and Failure to Orepass Wall

斜溜井是国内外矿山溜井一种重要的布置方式,在工程应用中溜井的变形破坏问题严重。矿岩散体在溜井内运动过程中与井壁接触并产生力的作用是引起溜井变形破坏的根本原因。倾斜溜井中不同的矿岩运动特征导致了井壁的变形破坏程度及范围存在较大差异。通过研究斜溜井中矿岩散体的运动特征及其影响因素,分析了斜溜井井壁的变形破坏机理和破坏分区。研究表明:①倾斜溜井中的矿岩散体运动包括下落、跳动、滚动、滑动4种方式,受溜井倾角、矿岩块形状、粒度及其分布特征、矿岩物理力学性质、溜井井壁平整度和矿岩块进入溜井时的初始运动方向等因素影响,不同的矿岩运动方式对溜井井壁产生的破坏特征也不相同;②矿岩散体下落或跳动引发的溜井井壁冲击破坏主要发生在分支溜井与主溜井交叉处的矿岩下落方向的溜井底板,滚动或滑动引发的溜井井壁摩擦破坏主要分布在主溜井和分支溜井的底板上;③针对不同的溜井井壁变形破坏特征,应从优化溜井结构、采取相应的加固措施等角度进行预防。

The inclined ore pass is an important layout method in mines at home and abroad and its deformation and failure are a serious problem in the engineering application.The root cause of the deformation and failure of orepass wall is that the ore or rock dispersions contact and make a force with the orepass wall during their moving in orepass.Different ore-rock movement characteristics in inclined orepass lead to large differences in the degree and scope of deformation and damage of orepass walls in different areas.The deformation and failure mechanism and the failure zone of inclined orepass wall were analyzed by studying the movement characteristics and its influencing factors of ore-rock dispersion moving in inclined orepass.The study results show that:①Different ore-rock movement modes are affected by factors such as the dip angle of the slip shaft,the shape,particle size and distribution characteristics of the ore block,the physical and mechanical properties of the ore rock,the flatness of the orepass wall and the initial movement direction of the ore block when entering the slip shaft.The damage characteristics to the orepass wall are also different.②The impact damage of the orepass wall caused by the falling or jumping of the ore-rock block mainly occurs at the bottom of the orepass in the direction of the falling rock at the intersection of the branch and the main orepass,and the friction damage of the orepass wall caused by rolling or sliding is mainly distributed on the bottom plates of the branch and the main orepass.③ According to the deformation and damage characteristics of different orepass wall,it should be prevented from the perspective of optimizing the structure of the orepass and taking corresponding reinforcement measures.