法官认定事实的心理过程分析——以我国刑事诉讼为背景

The Psychological Process Analysis of Judge’s Fact Determining——Taking China’s Criminal Procedure as the background

在我国法官认定刑事案件事实的心理过程中,控方指控事实产生的"锚定效应",对被告人有罪"预设值"的假设验证、非理性因素、外部因素产生的心理压力,法官性格等心理因素都会对事实认定产生影响。这种心理过程具有如下特征:法官对被告人有罪假设的验证具有明显的单向思维特征;被告人是否认罪对法官心理影响力较大;在重大、复杂案件中法官承受的来自外部因素的心理压力更大;非理性因素的运用缺乏规范。为了对法官认定事实的负面心理因素进行控制,以使法官认定事实的心理过程更为合理化,应通过程序机制限制法官形成被告人有罪的"预设值"水平,改变法官进行假设验证的单向性思维,降低口供对法官的心理影响力,限制外部心理压力对法官心证的负面影响,同时对法官认定事实中的非理性因素进行合理规制。

In the psychological process of judge’s fact determining,the anchoring effect of the prosecution’s alleged criminal facts,hypothesis verification of the defendant’s guilty default,irrational factors,external psychological pressure and the personalities of judges would all affect the fact determination.This psychological process has the following characteristics:the judge’s verification of the defendant’s guilt hypothesis has obvious one-way thinking characteristics;the defendant’s denial of guilt has a greater psychological influence on the judge;in major and complex cases,the judges bear greater psychological pressure from external factors;the use of irrational factors is not standardized.In order to control the negative psychological factors in the judge’s determination,and make the judge’s psychological process of determining the facts more reasonable,the judge should be restricted from forming the default level of the defendant’s guilt through a procedural mechanism,and the judge’s single hypothesis verification should be changed.Furthermore,it is necessary to reduce the psychological influence of confessions on judges,limit the negative influence of external psychological pressure on judges’inner conviction,and at the same time exercises reasonable regulation of irrational factors in judges’determination of facts.