“祁红”茶源调研——浮梁昌北茶业文化遗产的现状与价值

Field Investigation on the Origin of“Keemun Black Tea”--Current Status and Value of the Tea Production Heritage at Fuliang-Changbei

武夷山—鄱阳湖平原是“万里茶道”线性文化遗产的起点之一,古浮梁是历史悠久的“浮梁茶”主要产区,其中昌北山区是近代闻名遐迩的“祁红”茶源地。昌北①的西湖乡地处赣皖交界的偏僻山区,传统农茶社会形成的集村和散村,既保存了“林内野茶”的传统摘采方式,又分布着近现代人力开垦丘陵的栽植茶园,该地区积累的制茶工艺促进了国际经贸品“祁红”的成功。在人与自然共创的古代至近现代的茶业文化景观中,包含了传统村落、茶山茶园、茶庄茶号、外销茶道、传统社区和制茶工艺在内的多种茶业文化要素,构成了复合的生态人文系统。发现、记录、研究昌北西湖地区的茶业历史和茶业遗产,挖掘和提炼茶业遗产价值,才能使之在“祁红”茶源地享有应有的地位,并使之成为“万里茶道”茶源地的代表性遗产。

The Wuyi Mountain-Poyang Lake plain is one of the origins of the linear cultural heritage,the Wanli Tea Road.Fuliang is the main producing area of“Fuliang Tea”,which has a long history,and the Changbei mountainous area is the source of the famous“Keemun Black Tea”.In the remote mountainous area of Changbei’s Xihu Township,the clusters and scattered villages formed by traditional tea agricultural society preserved the traditional picking method of“wild tea”.Modern artificially cultivated tea garden on hilly landscape can also be found here.The cumulative tea-making techniques contributed towards the international success of“Keemun Black Tea”.Throughout the history of tea cultural landscape co-created by people and nature,there are a variety of tea culture elements including traditional villages,tea mountain,tea corporations,tea export,traffic network,traditional communities and tea making craftsmanship,constituting a composite ecological humanistic system.The discovery,documentation and study of the tea production history and heritage in Changbei-Xihu,and summarizing their heritage values,can enable the origin of the“Keemun Black Tea”to enjoy its due status and makes it a representative heritage of the origin of the“Wanli Tea Road”.