楚国丝绸中的塔形纹新论

New discussion on the pagoda pattern in the silk of Chu dynasty

塔形纹是战国时期马山1号楚墓丝绸中的连续纹样,其造型考究、织造精巧,是先秦时期极具代表性的纹样类型。由于当前学术界对塔形纹的命名存在谬误,通过追溯塔从古印度传入中国的时间及发展历程,还原当时的文化背景,将单元形、纹样结构与马山1号楚墓丝绸及楚国器物中的纹样进行比较。研究表明,塔形纹的单元形并不是塔,而是结构严密的菱形,应该更名为“菱形纹”,象征了楚人崇拜的北极星,蕴含了天体崇拜理念。

Pagoda pattern is a continuous pattern in the silk unearthed from No.1 Chu Tomb of Mashan in the Warring States period,which was a representative pattern type in the pre-Qin period with its exquisite shape and structure.There is a fallacy in the current academic naming of the pyramid pattern.Through tracing back to the time and development process of pagodas introduced from ancient India to China,restoring the cultural background at that time,and comparing the unit shape and pattern structure with the pattern which came from silk and utensil of Chu State unearthed from No.1 Tomb at Mashan,the study shows that the unit shape of the pagoda pattern is not a pagoda,but a well-structured rhombus,so it should be renamed rhombus pattern,symbolizing the polaris worship by the Chu people and containing the idea of celestial body worship.