职教X证书制度的财政支持政策探析

On Fiscal Policy for X Certificate System in Vocational Education

实施1+X证书制度是我国职业教育人才培养和评价模式改革的重大突破。但通过市场方式,引入教育培训评价组织开发证书、组织考核和颁发证书,也会相应带来成本问题。国际上发达国家实行的资格证书制度对我国1+X证书制度试行过程中厘清政府的事权划分及财政责任有着积极的借鉴意义。当前,我国中央财政对职教X证书制度给予支持有其合理性,但应注意支持的限度,同时还需遵循“区分原则”“主渠道原则”“统筹原则”和“有效实施原则”,以更好地保障中央财政资金的有效使用。

The introduce of“1+X certificate system”is an important breakthrough for reform of talent cultivation and evaluation models in vocational education in China.However,the new institution will bring some problems such as cost shares.The qualification certificate system implemented by developed countries has a positive reference significance for clarifying the division of government powers and financial responsibility in the pilot process of China’s 1+X certificate system.It is reasonable for the central finance to support the X certificate system of vocational education,but we should pay attention to the limitation of support.At the same time,we should follow the“principle of distinction”,“principle of main channel”,“principle of overall planning”and“principle of effective implementation”,so as to better guarantee the effective use of financial funds from central government.