科技重大风险与人类安全危机:前所未有的双重挑战及其治理对策

Huge Scientific Risk and Human Security Crisis:Unprecedented Dual Challenges and Its Governance Measures

开展科技重大风险治理研究,确保人类安全与可持续创新及发展是当务之急。科技重大风险研究主要包括三项内容:一是研判科技重大风险的严峻性与紧迫性,这是首要前提;二是确定开展科技重大风险专门研究的重点难点,这是研究主体;三是探讨新型决策机制,这是治理对策的切入点和启动方案。指出近年来尖端科技发展迅速、威力异常,呈现出科技大爆发态势,其不可控性和不确定性日益增强,科技伦理事件频发,贸易战、科技战、军备竞赛不断升级,科技重大风险愈演愈烈,而当前防控科技重大风险的多道人类安全防线都存在严重漏洞,深陷危机,人类面临前所未有的双重挑战。为此急需新型决策机制,急需启动从粗放式创新与竞争向可持续创新与合作的大转型予以应对。

To ensure human security as well as sustainable innovation and development,it is essential to investigate significant scientific risks.This paper proposes that research on huge scientific risks includes three aspects:analysis of the seriousness and urgency of huge a scientific risk,which forms the premise for this study;identification of the key issues and difficulties;and discussion of new decision-making mechanisms,which form the basis of governance measures for managing scientific risks.In recent years,there have been cutting-edge developments in technology,which has grown rapidly and powerfully.This has been followed by it being more uncontrollable and uncertain,which has led to cases of scientific ethics misconduct.Trade wars,S&T wars,and arms races are escalating,and there are increasing cases of huge scientific risks.However,there are serious deficiencies in many human security systems that prevent huge scientific risks.This crisis poses unprecedented dual challenges to the human race.To solve this,a new decision-making mechanism and the transition from extensive creation and competition to sustainable innovation and cooperation are urgently needed.