生命科学两用研究的治理——以H5N1禽流感病毒的研究与争议为例

The Governance of Dual-use Research of Concern in Life Science:A Case Study of the H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus and Its Controversies

通过对H5N1禽流感病毒的改造带来争议的分析,并以美国对两用研究进行监管与治理的实践作为案例,来探讨生命科学两用研究的特征,以及两用研究治理范式中存在的诸多问题。尽管美国近年来不断完善两用研究治理体系,从科研经费申请、研究过程到成果发表等对两用研究进行全程管理,但是远未达到预期目标,以此揭示出生物领域科技重大风险治理的艰巨性与紧迫性。回顾美国风险治理范式形成的历史与制度逻辑,认为应该拓宽对科技风险的理解,站在人类命运共同体的角度负责任地发展和治理生命科学与生物技术。

This paper discusses the characteristics of dual-use research in the life sciences and the many problems existing in the dual-use research governance paradigm by examining the controversy caused by the genetic modification of the H5N1 avian influenza virus and the subsequent regulation and governance measures of dual-use research in the United States.The author argues that although the United States has been constantly improving the dual-use research governance system in recent years and has been managing dual-use research at all research stages,namely,funding,application,R&D,and publication,the model of“product”as the object of risk regulation conceals the dilemma resulting from the use of dual-use research.Reviewing the history and institutional logic of the formation of the risk governance paradigm in the United States,this paper argues that we should broaden the understanding of biotechnology risk and develop biotechnology responsibly considering the community,emphasizing a shared future for mankind.