加氢站的安全风险及防范

Safety Risk and Prevention of Hydrogen Filling Station

鉴于氢燃料电池汽车的快速发展,为做好加氢站的安全防范,在简要叙述了氢能﹑氢能汽车以及加氢站的发展概况,与天然气、液化石油气以及汽油有关理化特性比较的基础上,指出了氢气本身存在的安全风险,同时以发生在氢气制取、储运以及加氢站运营环节的事故案例提出氢能运行中存在的违规操作、设备选型不当、氢气质量不佳以及日常维护保养不到位等易发生的安全风险,同时提出了相应防范措施:一是严格按照规范和标准进行设计和建设;二是要妥善解决相关规范部分条款不十分明确或不统一的问题;三是要把好设备选型和安装质量关;四是合理设置安全连锁控制系统;五是把好氢气质量采购关;六是建立完善的组织机构;七是建立完善的制度体系;八是相关人员必须持证上岗;九是坚决杜绝“三违”;十是要建立完善的应急体系;十一是要抓好风险识别;十二是做好日常检查和隐患排查治理,确保加氢站的安全运行。

The development of hydrogen energy,hydrogen vehicles and hydrogen filling stationsare briefly described.Based on comparing physical and chemical characteristics with natural gas,liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline,the instinct safety risks of hydrogen are pointed out.At the same time,based on the accident cases occurred in hydrogen production,storage and transportation as well as the operation of hydrogen stations,the safety risks such as illegal operation,improperequipmentselection,poor hydrogen quality and inadequate routine maintenance arepointedout.Thecorrespondingpreventive measures are put forward to ensure the safe operation of the hydrogen station as follows:the first is to designand build the hydrogen station in strict accordance with the specifications and standards;the second is to properly solve the problems that some provisions of relevant specifications are not very clear or unified;the third is toensure the quality of equipment selection and installation;the fourth is to set up a reasonable safety interlocking system;thefifth is toensurethequality ofhydrogen gas purchased;thesixth istoestablish aperfect organization;the seventh is to establish a perfect system;the eighth is to ensure the relevant personnel trained with certificates;the ninth is to resolutely put an end to"Three Violations of Rules in Safety";the tenth is to establish a sound emergency system;the eleventh is to pay attention to risk identification;the twelfth is tocarry out dailyinspectionand investigation and treatment of hidden danger.