铝电解废阴极的矿物学特性研究

Study on Mineralogical Characteristics of Spent Cathode from Aluminum Electrolysis Processes

针对铝电解废阴极采取SEM、TEM等手段分析了其中碳、钠、铝、铁等元素的主要矿物存在形式及矿物间的嵌布特性。研究表明,废阴极炭块中主要成分为碳和氟化物;碳主要是石墨化程度较高的石墨,但结晶粒度只有几十纳米至几微米;氟化物主要是氟化钠、冰晶石、氟化钙;铝主要为氧化铝和冰晶石;铁主要是金属铁;矿物间嵌布紧密,互含普遍;矿物的嵌布粒度在数十纳米至几十微米。

The main mineral occurrence and mineral dissemination characteristics of the elements such as C,Na,Al,Fe in the spent cathode of aluminum electrolysis are analyzed by means of SEM and TEM.Results show that the main components of the spent cathode carbon block are carbon and fluoride.Carbon is mainly graphite with high degree of graphitization,but the crystal size is only tens of nanometers to a few micrometers.Fluoride is mainly sodium fluoride,cryolite and calcium fluoride.Aluminum is mainly occurred asalumina and cryolite.Iron is mainly occurred asmetallic iron.Minerals are disseminated closely and intermingled universally,the particle size of minerals is between tens of nanometers and tens of micrometers.